Endocarditis, Prosthetic Valves, & Aorta Flashcards by Kaitlyn Yeager

Patients with endocarditis may present with all of the following symptoms EXCEPT:

A. Fever
B. New murmur
C. Night sweats
D. Angina

Angina

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Coarctation of the aorta most often occurs at the:

A. Thoracic aorta
B. Aortic sinuses
C. Aortic isthmus
D. Ascending aorta

Aortic isthmus

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Which is an example of a mechanical cardiac valve?

A. Ionescu-Shipley bovine pericardial
B. Carpentier-Edwards
C. St Jude bileaflet
D. Hancock

St. Jude bileaflet

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Patients with lupus will sometimes get what type of endocarditis?

A. Marantic
B. Libman-Sachs
C. Staph aureus
D. Eosinophilic

Libman-Sachs

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What is a common symptom of a patient with endocarditis?

A. Fever
B. Ripping chest pain
C. Positional chest pain
D. Aortic stenosis murmur

Fever

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Infective endocarditis can best be described as an infection involving the:

A. Endothelial layer of the heart
B. Myocardium
C. Epicardial layer of the heart
D. Aortic intimal lining

Endothelial layer of the heart

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In endocarditis the vegetations usually attach on:

A. The down stream side of the valve
B. Abnormal leaflets only
C. Only one leaflet
D. The flow side of the valve

The flow side of the valve

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When using M-mode to interrogate a Starr-Edwards mitral valve which window would you use?

A. Subcostal
B. Suprasternal
C. Apical
D. Parasternal

Apical

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All of the following are increased risk factors for valvular endocarditis EXCEPT:

A. Carotid artery stenosis
B. Aortic regurgitation
C. Mitral valve prolapse
D. Marantic

Carotid artery stenosis

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All of the following are examples of mechanical valves EXCEPT:

A. St Jude bileaflet
B. Bjork-Shiley tilting disk
C. Starr-Edwards ball valve
D. Hancock

Hancock

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The normal pressure half time for a mitral prosthetic valve is:

A. <170 msec
B. 1-3 msec
C. >280 msec
D. 8 mmHg

<170 msec

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In order to be seen by 2D echo, vegetations need to be how big?

A. 0.5 cm
B. 3 mm
C. 5 mm
D. 1 cm

3 mm

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If a patient has Starr-Edwards valve in both the mitral and aortic positions, mitral regurgitation might be best detected from which window?

A. Suprasternal
B. Subcostal
C. Left parasternal
D. Apical

Subcostal

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Echo findings in endocarditis include:

A. Shaggy appearance on M-mode
B. Aortic dissection
C. Positive blood cultures
D. Pulmonary hypertension

Shaggy appearance on M-mode

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Patients with which of the following are at increased risk for endocarditis?

A. Renal artery stenosis
B. Poor dental work
C. Prosthetic valves
D. Coronary artery disease

Prosthetic valves

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All of the following are etiologies for valvular endocarditis EXCEPT:

A. Marantic
B. Post cardiac surgery
C. IV drug abuse
D. Pulmonary hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension

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Which is an example of a Bioprosthetic cardiac valve?

A. Ionescu-Shiley bovine pericardial
B. Bjork-Shiley tilting disk
C. Starr-Edwards ball valve
D. St. Jude bileaflet

Ionescu-Shiley bovine pericardial

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All of the following statements regarding echo in patients with infective endocarditis are true EXCEPT:

A. Vegetations as small as 3mm can be recognized
B. Pre existing valve disease may obscure the presence of a vegetation
C. Vegetations usually appear on the flow side of valve leaflets
D. It is easy to distinguish between new and healed vegetations

It is easy to distinguish between new and healed vegetations is false

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High risk patients for infective endocarditis include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Previous history of endocarditis
B. Prosthetic aortic valve
C. Prosthetic mitral valve
D. Coronary artery disease

Coronary artery disease

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If a patient has a porcine mitral valve, all of the following should be ruled out during an echo EXCEPT:

A. Thrombus formation
B. Ring abscess
C. Carcinoid heart disease
D. Valve dehiscence

Carcinoid heart disease

(Not related to mitral valve replacement with a porcine valve)

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When red blood cells become damaged as they pass through a mechanical prosthetic valve, the patient is said to have:

A. Jaundice
B. Hemolysis
C. Thrombocytopenia
D. Cirrhosis

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Hemolysis

Aortic regurgitation presents with what type of murmur?

A. Parasternal systolic
B. Parasternal diastolic blow
C. Apical holosystolic
D. Apical diastolic rumble

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Parasternal diastolic blow

Mitral regurgitation presents with which type of murmur?

A. Apical late systolic
B. Apical diastolic
C. Apical holosystolic
D. Parasternal systolic

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Apical holosystolic

All of the following are different types of endocarditis EXCEPT:

A. Eosinophilic
B. Marantic
C. Dressler’s
D. Libman-Sachs

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Dressler’s

Echo findings in endocarditis often include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Increased echoes B. Eisenmenger’s syndrome C. Shaggy appearance of valves D. Pericardial effusion

Eisenmenger’s syndrome

Patients with an aortic coarctation commonly have blood pressure in the legs: A. Equal to the right arm B. Lower than the right arm C. Unable to record D. Higher than the right arm

Lower than the right arm

When using Doppler to interrogate a Starr-Edwards mitral valve, which window would you use? A. Apical B. Parasternal C. Subcostal D. Suprasternal

Apical

You are in the emergency department and a patient presents with the signs and symptoms of aortic dissection. Which modality would give you the most rapid diagnosis? A. X-ray B. MRI C. Chest CT D. TEE

TEE

High frequency systolic vibrations on the aortic valve M-mode is consistent with: A. Aortic stenosis B. Normal findings C. Low cardiac output D. Aortic regurgitation

Normal findings

If the patients pulmonic valve, annulus, and trunk are excised and relocated to the aortic position, what type of valve do they have? A. Autograft B. Homograft C. Mechanical D. Heterograft

Autograft

Patients with Marfan syndrome often die from: A. Mitral valve prolapse B. Endocarditis C. Aortic dissection D. Aortic regurgitation

Aortic dissection

All of the following are examples of Bioprosthetic cardiac valves EXCEPT: A. Starr-Edwards ball valve B. Hancock C. Capentier-Edwards D. Ionescu-Shiley bovine pericardial

Starr-Edwards Ball valve

Low risk patients for infective endocarditis include those with: A. Coronary artery disease B. Prosthetic mitral valve C. Previous history of endocarditis D. IV drug abuse

Coronary artery disease

Prosthetic cardiac valves are classified as: A. Mechanical and bileaflet B. Bioprosthetic and pericardial C. Mechanical and bioprosthetic D. Mechanical and pericardial

Mechanical and bioprosthetic

Coarctation of the aorta is associated with: A. Pulmonary stenosis B. Endocarditis C. Mitral valve prolapse D. Bicuspid aortic valve

Bicuspid aortic valve

Which of the following is a known complication of Bioprosthetic heart valves? A. Mechanical failure B. Thrombocytopenia C. Hemolysis D. Pannus formation

Pannus formation

The majority of organisms attach to the ____ side of the atrioventricular valves. A. Downstream B. Ventricular C. Epicardial D. Atrial

Atrial (flow side)

A patient presents with a 10 year old ball-cage prosthetic valve in the mitral position with a new perivalvular leak. What might be a cause of this leak? A. Ring abscess B. Pulmonary hypertension C. Systemic hypertension D. Cardiac tamponade

Ring abscess (Any prosthetic valve that develops an abscess around the sewing ring often will present with a perivalvular leak)

Patients with Marfan syndrome will exhibit all of the following EXCEPT: A. Left ventricular hypertrophy B. Mitral valve prolapse C. Aortic dilation D. Aortic regurgitation

Left ventricular hypertrophy

What type of valve is a St. Jude? A. Pericardial B. Bioprosthetic C. One leaflet D. Bi-disk

Bi-disk

High risk patients for infective endocarditis include those with: A. High cholesterol B. IV drug abuse C. Coronary artery disease D. High blood pressure

IV drug abuse

All of the following are etiologies for valvular endocarditis EXCEPT: A. IV drug abuse B. Pulmonary hypertension C. Marantic D. Post cardiac surgery

Pulmonary hypertension

An M-mode of a mitral heterograft valve resembles an M-mode of which valve? A. Pulmonic B. Tricuspid C. Mitral D. Aortic

Aortic

The degree of prosthetic valve stenosis depends on all of the following EXCEPT: A. Valve size B. Degree of Pannus growth C. Valve type D. Presence of regurgitation

Presence of regurgitation

Prosthetic cardiac valves are classified as: A. Mechanical and pericardial B. Bioprosthetic and pericardial C. Mechanical and bioprosthetic D. Mechanical and bileaflet

Mechanical and bioprosthetic

All of the following will cause aortic dilatation EXCEPT: A. Marfan syndrome B. Type 1 Dissection C. Pulmonary hypertension D. Systemic hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension

All of the following are examples of mechanical cardiac valves EXCEPT: A. Bjork-Shiley tilting disk B. Hancock C. St Jude bileaflet D. Starr-Edwards ball valve

Hancock

Low risk patients for infective endocarditis includes those with: A. Perilous history of endocarditis B. Coronary artery disease C. Intravenous drug abuse D. Prosthetic mitral valve

Coronary artery disease

Patients with endocarditis may present with all of the following symptoms EXCEPT: A. Fever B. New murmur C. Angina D. Night sweats

Angina

Low risk patients for infective endocarditis includes all the following EXCEPT: A. Coronary artery disease B. Aortitis C. Prosthetic mitral valve D. Pacemaker

Prosthetic mitral valve

Endocarditis, Prosthetic Valves, & Aorta Flashcards

(50 cards)