endocrine

Question 1

what does the endocrine system use to deliver hormones?

Answer 1

blood vessels

Question 2

hypothalamus

Answer 2

portion of the brain that maintains homeostasis
link between endocrine and nervous system

Question 3

hypothalamus hormones

Answer 3

highly involved in pituitary
neurohormones that start and stop pituitary hormones
temp, HR, fluid, sleep, appetite

Question 4

ADH

Answer 4

increases water absorption into the blood via kidneys

Question 5

CRH

Answer 5

sends message to anterior pituitary to stimulate adrenal glands and secrete corticosteroids, regulating metabolism and immune response

Question 6

GnRH

Answer 6

stimulates anterior pituitary to release follicle releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone to ensure normal ovary and testes functions

Question 7

pituitary gland

Answer 7

hormones control other glands, thyroid, adrenal, ovaries, testes
signaled by hypothalamus

Question 8

pineal gland

Answer 8

releases melatonin (circadian and reproduction)

Question 9

thyroid

Answer 9

regulates metabolism
controlled by hypothalamus and pituitary

Question 10

thyroid hormone

Answer 10

maintains metabolism extracts iodine from the blood and incorporates into thyroid hormone

Question 11

hormones of the thyroid

Answer 11

T3 (20%) T4 (80%)

Question 12

parathyroid gland

Answer 12

secretes parathyroid hormone to regulate calcium 
helps neuronal and muscular

Question 13

parathyroid hormone

Answer 13

causes cell bones to release calcium into bloodstream
increases formation of active vitamin D

Question 14

cortisol

Answer 14

produced by adrenal cortex
regulates metabolism and response to stress

Question 15

asldosterone

Answer 15

produced by adrenal cortex
controls BP

Question 16

adrenal medulla

Answer 16

non essential hormones
adrenaline- response to stress

Question 17

hydrocortisone

Answer 17

adrenal cortex glucocorticoid
regulates conversation of fats, protein, and carbs to energy

Question 18

corticosterone

Answer 18

works with hydrocortisone to regulate immune response and suppress inflammatory response

Question 19

norepinephrine

Answer 19

adrenal medulla
vasoconstriction, high BP in response to stress

Question 20

islets of langerhans

Answer 20

clumps of endocrine cells in the pancreas

Question 21

gastrin

Answer 21

pancreas
aids digestion by stimulating cells to produce acid

Question 22

glucagon

Answer 22

pancreas
helps insulin maintain BG by stimulating cells to release glucose

Question 23

insulin

Answer 23

pancreas
maintains BG by allowing cells to absorb and use glucose

Question 24

somatostatin

Answer 24

pancreas
secreted to maintain levels of other hormones (glucagon, insulin) when they get too high

Question 25

vasoactive intestinal peptide

Answer 25

hormone that controls water secretion and absorption from intestines by stimulating intestinal cells to release water and salts.

Question 26

diabetes

Answer 26

blindness, ESRD, lower limb amputation

Question 27

type 2 manifestations

Answer 27

fatigue, infections, prolonged wound healing, visual changes

Question 28

gestational diabetes

Answer 28

macrosomia cardiac and CNS anomalies inhibit fetal surfactant productions hyperbilirubinemia

Question 29

acute hyperglycemia

Answer 29

blurred vision, pruritus, there Ps (polydipsia, Uria, phagia

Question 30

diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 30

hyperglycemia, ketosis, acidosis, dehydration

Question 31

hyperthyroidism

Answer 31

increase BMR, cardiovascular, GI, neuromuscular weight loss, heat intolerance

Question 32

hyperthyroidism features

Answer 32

exophthalmus, dysrhythmias

Question 33

thyroid storm

Answer 33

cardiac, sensory, edema, airway

Question 34

hypothyroidism

Answer 34

decreased BMR, heat production (cold), GI, myxedema

Question 35

hyperparathyroidism

Answer 35

hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia

Question 36

iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism

Answer 36

caused by total parathyroidectomy of hyper plastic glands most common

Question 37

idiopathic hypoparathyroidism

Answer 37

associated with adrenal insufficiency, hypothyroidism, DM, pernicious anemia, gonadal failure,

Question 38

pseudohypoparathyroidism

Answer 38

unresponsive to PTH

Question 39

hypoparathyroidism features

Answer 39

kidney stones, respiratory, tetany

Question 40

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

Answer 40

excessive amount of ADH, resulting in water intoxication and hyponatremia

Question 41

diabetes insipidus

Answer 41

deficiency in production of SH, excess amount of water

Question 42

DI manifestations

Answer 42

polyuria, polydipsia, dry tenting skin, fluid volume deficits

Question 43

Cushing syndrome

Answer 43

adrenal cortex, excess cortisol/ ACTH

Question 44

cushings manifestations

Answer 44

moon face, thin hair, htn,

Question 45

thymosin

Answer 45

develops disease fighting T cells

Question 46

addison’s disease

Answer 46

hypo function of adrenal cortex lack of ACTH secretion from pituitary

Question 47

addison’s disease manifestations

Answer 47

hyperpigmentation of skin hypovolemia confusion, muscle weakness, tachy, dysrhythmias, OHTN