Endocrine Flashcards
(39 cards)
1
Q
PMR
A
- Inflammatory disorder that causes muscle P and stiffness, especially in shoulders, neck and hips
2
Q
PMR cause
A
- Unknown
- Genetics- certain genes and gene variations can inc susceptibility
- Enviro exposure- virus may act as trigger
3
Q
PMR population
A
65+
4
Q
PMR risks
A
- Age- 70-80
- Women 2-3x
- Race- northern European or Scandinavian
5
Q
PMR S+S
A
- Usually bilateral
- Aches/P in shoulders, hip and neck
- Stiffness particularly in morning/after period of inactivity
- Mild fever
- Fatigue
- Unintended weight loss
- Depression
6
Q
PMR prognosis
A
- Most eventually recover entirely from the disease or within 5 years
7
Q
Vestibulocochlear function
A
CN8
Transmits sound and balance info from inner ear to brain
8
Q
Olfactory function
A
CN1 Sense of smell
9
Q
Glossopharyngeal function
A
CN12
provides motor, parasympathetic and sensory info to mouth and throat, enables swallowing
10
Q
Otitis extrena
A
- Infection of outer ear canal, which runs from eardrum to outside of head
11
Q
Otitis extrena cause
A
- Usually caused by bacteria
12
Q
Otitis extrena risks
A
- Excessive moisture in ear canal
- Exposure to high bacteria levels
- Cleaning ear canal (e.g., with cotton swabs
- Ear devices (e.g., ear buds, hearing aids)
13
Q
Otitis extrena S+S
A
- Usually mild unless not treated
- Mild- itching in ear canal, redness inside ear, mild discomfort that’s made worse by pulling on outer ear, some drainage of clear, odourless fluid
- Moderate- more-intense itching, inc P, more-extensive redness, excessive fluid damage, decreased or muffled hearing, feeling of fullness in ear
- Advanced- severe P that may radiate to your face or neck, complete blockage of ear canal, redness or swelling of outer ear, swelling in lymph node in neck, fever
14
Q
Otitis extrena prognosis
A
- Usually treated with ear drops
- Prompt treatment can prevent complications and more serious infections
15
Q
Otitis media
A
- Infection of the middle ear
- Air-filled space behind eardrum that contains vibrating bones in ear
16
Q
Otitis media cause
A
- Bacteria or virus
- Often results from another illness- e.g., cold, flu or allergy- that causes congestion and swelling in nasal passages, throat and eustachian (narrow tubes that run from middle ear to high in back of throat
17
Q
Otitis media population
A
Children
18
Q
Otitis media risks
A
- Age- children between 6 months and 2 years
- Infant feeding
- Seasonal factors
- Poor air quality
- Cleft palate- difference in bone structure and muscles in children, makes it more difficult for eustachian tube to drain
19
Q
Otitis media S+S children
A
- Onset usually rapid
- Children
o Ear P, especially when lying down
o Trouble sleeping
o Trouble hearing or responding to sounds
o Loss of balance
o Drainage of fluid from ear
o Headache
20
Q
Otitis media S+S adults
A
o Ear P
o Drainage of fluid from ear
o Trouble hearing
21
Q
Otitis media prognosis
A
- Often clear up on own
- Treatment may begin with managing P and monitoring problem
- Sometimes ABs used to clear infection
22
Q
Ramsay hunt syndrome
A
- Occurs when shingles outbreak affects facial nerve near one of your ears
23
Q
Ramsay hunt syndrome cause
A
- Varicella-zoster virus which causes chickenpox
- After chicken pox clears up, virus still lived in nerves
- Years later, it may be reactive
- When it does, facial nerves are affected
24
Q
Ramsay hunt syndrome population
A
- More common in adults older than 60
- Rare in children
25
Ramsay hunt syndrome risks
- Isn’t contagious
- Can be serious in people with immune problems
- Until rash blisters scab over, avoid physical contact with
1. Anyone who has never had chickenpox/vaccine
2. Weak immune system
3. New-borns
4. Pregnant women
26
Ramsay hunt syndrome S+S
- Two main symptoms
1. Painful red rash with fluid-filled blisters on/in around ear
2. Facial weakness or paralysis on same side as affected ear
- Usually occur at same time
- Ear P
- Hearing loss
- Tinnitus
- Difficulty closing one eye
- Change in taste perception
27
Ramsay hunt syndrome prognosis
- Can cause facial paralysis and hearing loss in affected ear
- prompt treatment can reduce risk of complications, which can include permanent facial muscle weakness and deafness
28
Ear drum perforation infection
- Aka ruptured ear drum
- Hole or tear in thin tissue that separates ear canal from middle ear
29
Ear drum perforation infection cause
- Otitis media- often results from accumulation of fluids in middle of ear. Pressure from these fluids can cause eardrum to rupture
- Barotrauma- stress extended on ear drum when air pressure in middle ear and air pressure in enviro are not equal, if pressure is severe rupture can happen
- Acoustic trauma/loud sound
- Foreign objects in ear
- Severe head trauma
30
Ear drum perforation infection risk
- Head trauma
- Loud music
- Changes in pressure- e.g., from flying
31
Ear drum perforation infection S+S
- Ear P that may subside suddenly
- Mucus like, pus-filled or bloody drainage of ear
- Hearing loss
- Tinnitus
- Vertigo
- Nausea or vomiting as result of vertigo
32
Ear drum perforation infection prognosis
- Can result in hearing loss
- Makes middle ear vulnerable to infection- due to bacteria easily being able to enter
- Usually heals within few weeks without treatment, sometimes requires a patch or surgical repair
33
Hypothyroid disease
Happens when thyroid gland doesn't make enough thyroid hormone
34
Hypothyroid S+S
Depends on severity
Fatigue
Constipation
Dry skin, inc sensitivity to cold
Menstrual cycle is heavier/ more irregular
Muscle weakness
Bradycardia
35
Hypothyroidism in infants
Feeding problems
Poor growth
Poor weight gain
Jaundice
Constipation
Poor muscle tone
Hoarse crying
Soft swelling or bulge near belly button- umbilical hernia
36
Hypothyroidism in children and teens
Similar in adults
Poor growth that leads to short stature
Delayed development of permanent teeth
Delayed puberty
Poor mental development
37
Hyperthyroidism
Too much thyroid hormone produced by thyroid gland
38
Hyperthyroidism S+S
Sometimes looks like other health problems
Losing weight unintentionally
Tachycardia
Arrhythmia
Heart palpitations
Tremor- usually small trembling in hands/fingers
Fatigue
Muscle weakness
Thinning hair
39
Thyroid gland
Thyroid creates and produces hormones that play vital role in many different systems throughout the body
