Endocrine

Question 1

What is the endocrine system

Answer 1

• Functions by means of chemical secretions which travel in the bloodstream to target organs.
• When the hormone reaches the target organ, a response is brought about
• Response = slower and lasts longer

Question 2

What is an endocrine gland

Answer 2

• Ductless gland
• Produces hormones and releases them into the bloodstream to act at a distant site

Question 3

What is an exocrine gland

Answer 3

• Has ducts
• Discharge’s its secretion through a duct into a body cavity or onto skin

Question 4

What are hormones

Answer 4

• Organic messengers
• Proteins
• Don’t work in isolation but form and integrated system

Question 5

What are the parts that make up the endocrine system

Answer 5

Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Tests and ovaries
Pancreas

Question 6

Explain the hypothalamus function

Answer 6

• Secretes ADH and oxytocin and controls PG functioning
  
  • Controls H2O level thus permeability of kidney tubules and re-absorption of water in body

Question 7

Explain the thyroid gland function

Answer 7

• Secretes thyroxin
  
  • regulates O2 use and metabolic rate and growth and development

Question 8

Explain the thyroid gland function

Answer 8

• Secretes thyroxin
  
  • regulates O2 use and metabolic rate and growth and development

Question 9

Explain the Adrenal gland function

Answer 9

• Each side of kidney
• Secretes adrenalin which preps body for quick reaction by :
  
  • incr heart rate; breathing rate and metabolic rate
    - stimulates conversion of glycogen to glucose
• Secretes aldosterone which controls Na levels in blood and works with ADH for water balance

Question 10

Explain the Testes function

Answer 10

• Secretes testosterone
  
  • development of sexual characteristics

Question 11

Explain the Pancreas function

Answer 11

• Islets of Langerhans secrete insulin which decreases blood glucose level by :
  - promotes glucose absorption into cells
  - stimulates glucose to glycogen conversion for storage in liver and muscles
• Islets of Langerhans secrete Glucagon which incr blood glucose level by :
  - stimulating conversion of glycogen to glucose

Question 12

Explain the pituitary gland function

Answer 12

• Secretes FSH and LH
• Secretes Pro;actin which stimulates milk prod
• Secretes growth hormone which controls growth and development of skeleton and muscles
• Secretes TSH which controls thyroxin levels by :
  - stimulating TG to secrete more thyroxin when levels are low
  - decr stimulation of TG so less thyroxin is secreted when its level is high

Question 13

Explain diabetes fully

Answer 13

• Inadequate insulin is secreted by pancreas and blood glucose level is elevated
• Symptoms = thirst; excessive urination; dehydration; weightless; blurred vision
• Type 1 = unable to prod any insulin
  
  • inherited or due to dan=maged pancreas cells thus requires daily insulin injections into body fat
• Type 2 = doesn’t have enough insulin or it isn’t functioning effectively
  
  • overweight and inactivity and thus is controlled by a healthy diet and regular exercise