Endocrine Flashcards
What is considered a normal fasting blood glucose?
< 105
A 55-year-old woman with a 15-year history of type II diabetes presents for follow-up of her diabetes. Her spot albumin/creatinine ratio was 100 mg/g 4 months ago and was confirmed at 100 mg/g yesterday. Her urinary analysis shows no cells, casts, or blood. Her creatinine is 0.7mg/dl and her estimated glomerular filtration rate is 95 ml/min/1.73m2. What medication(s) should you prescribe to help prevent her progression from micro to macroalbuminuria and to help prevent a progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate?
ACE Inhibitors (Lisinopril)
What is the most common type of thyroid cancer?
Papilary
What class of diabetic medications is known to slow gastric emptying?
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists, such as exenatide (ending in -tide), work to slow digestion and inhibit gastric emptying.
Exenatide is specifically contraindicated in patients with diabetes and gastroparesis.
A 21-year-old woman presents to the office for a routine physical examination. She states that she has been feeling a little more anxious lately and is not sure why. On physical exam, her temperature is 98.6°F, blood pressure is 112/64 mm Hg, heart rate is 105 bpm, oxygen saturation is 98% on room air, and respiratory rate is 22/minute. Her body mass index is 23 kg/m². The patient appears very hyperactive and nervous and is constantly moving around while speaking. Laboratory studies show a TSH of 0.1 µU/mL and a T4 level of 17.2 µg/dL. Which of the following findings will most likely be found on a physical exam?
A. Dry and flaky skin
B. Hyporeflexia
C. Lid lag
D. Narrow pulse pressure
Lid Lag, this patient has hyperthyroidism
What electrolyte disturbance is associated with Addison’s Disease (primary adrenal insufficiency)?
Hyperkalemia
What are some commonly used drugs that can cause drug-induced hypothyroidism?
Drugs used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism (e.g., methimazole, polythiouracil), amiodarone, and lithium.
A 50-year-old man presents to the clinic for a routine ophthalmologic examination. He reports no changes in visual acuity. Vital signs include an HR of 80 bpm, BP of 125/80 mm Hg, RR of 20/minute, oxygen saturation of 99% on room air, and T of 98.6°F. The patient has a hemoglobin A1C of 10.5 g/dL. Which of the following findings on ophthalmoscopic examination is suggestive of advanced proliferative disease in this patient?
A. Arteriovenous nicking
B. Cotton wool spots
C. Microaneurysms
D. Neovascularization
What are some early signs of diabetic retinopathy?
Neovascularization
Cotton Wool Spots and microanerysms
A 58-year-old woman with hypertension controlled by lisinopril and type 2 diabetes mellitus controlled by metformin presents to the clinic for her annual physical exam. Her vital signs are a BP of 126/82 mm Hg, HR of 76 bpm, RR of 16/min, SpO2 of 99% on room air, and a T of 98.6°F. Physical examination reveals lungs clear to auscultation and a heart with regular rate and rhythm. The abdomen is soft and nontender, and cranial nerves are intact. The remainder of the physical examination is within normal limits. A hemoglobin A1C is 8.2%. What is the best test to assess for complications of this patient’s conditions?
Monofilament Testing
What A1C goal is recommended in pregnancy?
< 6%
What laboratory results would indicate hyperthyroidism?
Low TSH and High T3 and T4
