Endocrine

Question 1

What are the causes of primary hypoadrenalism?

Answer 1

Autoimmune disease, Tuberculosis (<10% in UK), Surgical removal, Haemorrhage/infarction, Infiltration, Schilder’s disease (adrenal leukodystrophy)

Question 2

What can cause haemorrhage/infarction leading to primary hypoadrenalism?

Answer 2

Meningococcal septicaemia

Question 3

Ocular manifestations of graves

Answer 3

Lid lag, lid retration - sympathetic activation of mullers muscle

Pronptosis,lid oedema, poor convergence, conjunctival injection,double vision - cell infiltration to orbital connective tissues and deposition of collagen and glycosaminoglycans in extraocular muscles