Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PANCE Studying > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

(56 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the most common type of thyroid cancer?

A

Papillary Carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the physical exam findings of papillary thyroid cancer?

A

Hard, solitary cold nodule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What lab can be used as a tumor marker in medullary thryoid cancer?

A

Calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the genetic pattern of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)?

A

Autosomal Dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What medication can be used in patients with an iodine allergy to block the release of thyroid hormone?

A

Lithium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the treatment for thyroid storm?

A
  • Beta-blocker (propranolol, esmolol)
  • Thionamide (propylthiouracil, methimazole)
  • Iodine solution
  • Glucocorticoids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most common etiology of hypoparathyroidism?

A

Partial or total thyroidectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Chvostek sign?

A

Contraction of facial muscles after tappin the facial nerve. Associated with hypocalcemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Trousseau Sign?

A

Induction of carpopedal spasm. Seen in hypocalcemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What congenital syndrome results in hypocalcemia due to the absence of the parathyroid glands?

A

DiGeorge Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What lab values are associated with hypoparathyroidism?

A
  • Low PTH
  • Low calcium
  • High phosphorus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a common dermatological manifestation associated with Graves disease and commonly found on the legs?

A

Pretibial myxedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the most significant side effect of methimazole?

A

Teratogenicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of cells are affected by autoimmune destruction in diabetes mellitus type 1?

A

Pancreatic beta cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the USPSTF’s guidelines on screening for Type 2 Diabetes?

A

Screen adults aged 35-70 years who are overweight or obese every 3 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) level is needed to diagnose diabetes?

A

Two A1C test results >/= 6.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What fasting glucose level is diagnostic for diabetes?

A

> /= 126 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is goiter?

A

Enlargement of the thryoid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the most common cause of goiter?

A

Iodine deficiency (Worldwide)

Autoimmune Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, or Graves disease (U.S.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What imaging modality is needed to confirm the diagnosis of goiter?

A

Ultrasound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Would a patient with Cushing syndrome be more or less prone to infections?

A

Cushing Syndrome = elevated cortisol

Glucocorticoids decrease immune function = increased risk of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Acanthosis nigricans should make you think of what diagnoses?

A

Ones associated with insulin resistence
* Diabetes
* PCOS
* Obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What hormones are secreted by a pheochromocytoma?

Study These Flashcards
A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

24
Q

A diffuse even uptake of iodine on a radioactive iodine test should make you think of what diagnosis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Grave’s Disease (point uptake might indicate a neoplasm)

25
In primary hypothyroidism will TH and TSH be normal, elevated, or low?
TH decreased TSH increased
26
What is the most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism?
Adrenal hyperplasia (66%)
27
What is Hashimoto's disease?
An autoimmune cause of hypothyroidism
28
What role does C-peptide play in the diagnosis of diabetes?
It is a marker of insulin production * Elevated = DM2 * Decreased = DM1
29
Name two medications that cause hypothyroidism?
* Lithium * Amiodarone * Anti-seizure medications (phenytoin, carbamazapine, valproate)
30
Which thyroid cancer is the most aggressive?
Anaplastic
31
What is the treatment for myxedema?
Levothyroxine and slow warming
32
How often should a diabetic Hgb A1C be checked and what should it be? | What is the lifespan of an RBC?
Every 3 months and less than 6.5% | 120 days
33
Which gland secretes oxytocin?
Posterior pituitary
34
What is the best imaging study for a thyroid nodule?
Ultrasound
35
What specific breathing pattern is associated with DKA?
Kussmaul Respirations
36
What is the most common cause of Addison's Disease?
Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex
37
List 4 PE findings associated with Cushing's Syndrome?
* Moon Face * Buffalo Hump * Purple Striae * Central Obesity * Supraclavicular fat pads * Easy Bruising
38
What class of medications is the first line for lowering LDL?
Statins
39
As it relates to diabetes, what is the dawn phenomenon?
Reduced insulin response between 5 and 8 am
40
What are the target organs of parathyroid hormone?
Bone, kidney, and small bowel
41
Hyperpigmentation in the skin folds with hypotension, hypoglycemia and depression should make you think of what diagnosis?
Corticoadrenal insufficiency
42
Does niacin increase or decrease HDL?
Increase
43
What is Sheehan's syndrome?
Ischemia of the pituitary due to volume depletion during or after child birth
44
Pretibial myxedema should make you think of what diagnosis?
Graves Disease
45
Will ACTH be elevated or decreased in Addison's disease?
Elevated
46
Which form of Vitamin D is generally preferred for the treatment of Vitamin D deficiency?
Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)
47
What are the 5 criteria for metabolic syndrome?
1. HDL < 40 men and <50 women 2. BP >136/85 3. Triglycerides > 150 4. Fasting glucose > 100 5. Waist > 40 in men and > 35 in women
48
What HgB A1C level indicates pre-diabetes?
5.7-6.5%
49
What is the cause of Cushing Disease
Pituitary adenoma producing excess ACTH
50
How is obesity defined in children using the CDC growth chart?
BMI >/= 95th percentile for age and sex
51
What blood pressure medication class should be used in a patient with diabetes?
ACEI (protects against diabetic nephropathy)
52
What is gigantism?
Pituitary adenoma producing excess GH before puberty
53
What is acromegaly?
Pituitary adenoma producing excess GH after puberty onset and the growth plates have closed
54
What is the initial test for working up a pheochromocytoma?
24 hour urine for catecholamines
55
What are three reasons to do a fine needle aspiration of the thyroid?
* Painful/tender * Rapid enlargement * Palpable nodule
56
What is the initial diagnostic study when evaluating a single thyroid nodule?
Ultrasound

PANCE Studying (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions