Endocrine Flashcards
(20 cards)
Which hormones are produced by the cells labelled A and B respectively?
A are acidophils and produce - PIG
B are basophils and produce - FLAT
B also produces melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH).
Name the organ.
What cells are indicated by the black arrows?
Parathyroid.
Oxyphil Cells.
These are larger cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, which is characteristic of Oxyphil cells in the parathyroid gland.
Identify A.
**Capsule **of adrenal galnd.
Identify B.
What hormones does it produce?
Zona glomerulosa of adrenal gland.
Mineralocorticoids.
The structure shown is the adrenal gland. The zona glomerulosa is the most superficial layer of the adrenal cortex, and the cells are arranged into clusters or balls ( glomus = ball).
Identify C.
What hormones does it produce?
Zona fasciculata of adrenal gland.
Glucocorticoids.
Identify D.
Zona reticularis of adrenal galnd.
Androgens (DHEA).
Identify the cells labelled A.
What is their function?
Oxyphil cells.
Function unkown.
The function of oxyphil cells is not known, but it has been speculated that they may be deactivated chief cells.
Identify the cells labelled B.
What hormone do they secrete?
Principle cells of the parathyroid gland.
Parathyroid hormone.
Principle cells are identified as smaller cells, with a small amount of cytoplasm, as apposed to the large, more eosinophilic oxyphil cells (circle A).
What hormones do the cells in this zone produce?
Glucocorticoids.
This is the adrenal gland - and the layer indicated is the zona fasciculata of the cortex. This is formed of broad cords or bands of large cells. These cells produce glucocorticoids.
Where are the cell bodies of the nerves of the posterior pituitary located?
In the hypothalmus.
Which nucleus in the hypothalamus is responsible for the release of oxytocin?
Supraoptic nucleus.
Which nucleus in the hypothalamus is responsible for the release of vasopressin?
Paraventricular nucleus.
Which part of the pituitary does the hypothalamohypophyseal tract traverse?
The infundibulum.
What hormones do these cells produce?
Prolactin and GH.
What cells are located in the cicrled region?
What hormones do they produce?
Chromaffin cells.
Catecholamines.
The area indicated is the adrenal medulla.
Identify the organ and structure indicated by the white arrows.
What is this structure composed of?
Septae of thyroid gland.
Connective tissue, promarily collagen bundles.
A man is found to have a benign adrenal tumour. This tumour arose from cells from the part of the adrenal gland indicated in the image (A).
What hormone do the cells in A produce?
What will be the physiological consequences of the tumour?
Mineralocorticoids - aldosterone
Disturbance of fluid and electolyte balance - sodium and fluid retension.
The part of the adrenal gland indicated is the zone glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex. These cells secrete aldosterone, and, if secreted in excess by a tumour, this may have caused disturbances of fluid and electrolyte balance.
What hormone do the cells within this structure produce?
Thyroxine.
The structure indicated is a thyroid follicle, filled with colloid.
A woman is found to have a benign, hormone secreting adrenal tumour. This tumour arose from the cells in the part of the adrenal gland indicated in this image (A).
What would be the physiological consequences of this tumour?
Disturbances of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism.
The part of the adrenal gland indicated is the zone fasciculata of the adrenal cortex.These cells secrete cortisol, and, if secreted in excess by a tumour, this may have caused disturbances of protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism.
Which of the following is the MOST ABUNDANT cell type in the region indicated under the arrows?
Beta Cells.
