Endocrine 2.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of the surrenal gland cortex and associated hormone

A

zone glomerulare: Minéralocorticoïdes (aldostérone)
zone fascicule: Glucocorticoïdes (cortisol),
zone reticule: Glucocorticoïdes (cortisol), Hormones sexuelles (androtenedione; DHEA)

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2
Q

Medullosurrenal gland hormones

A

Catécholamines
NorAdrénaline, Adrénaline

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3
Q

What is the source of all steroid hormones?

A

Cholesterol

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4
Q

True or False,

Mineralocorticoids, in contrast to Glucocorticoïdes, travel in their free from in the plasma

A

FALSE,
Lié à des protéines plasmatiques for both of them

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5
Q

Action of aldosterone?

A

◦ Réabsorption sodium
◦ Sécrétion potassium

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6
Q

True or false,
Given their close location for production Mineralocorticoids have similar actions to Glucocorticoïdes,

A

False
Mineralocorticoids: water and sodium reabsorption
Glucocorticoïdes: inflamation

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7
Q

What triggers the synthesis of glucocorticoids like cortisol?

A

ACTH

ACTH se lie a un R couplé aux prot G

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8
Q

How does cortisol act on cells?

A

R cytoplasmique
can either have a stimulating or inhibitory effect

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9
Q

Overall effect of cortisol?

A

It plays a crucial role in regulating glucose metabolism and promotes gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis in the liver and glycogenolysis in skeletal muscle. It also increases blood glucose levels by reducing glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue, decreasing protein synthesis, and increasing the breakdown of fats into fatty acids.2 Cortisol helps the body respond to stress and manages how the body uses carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland in the brain can sense if the blood contains the right level of cortisol.0

Increase glycemie = inverse of insulin
Augmentation néoglucogénèse
◦ Diminution de l’utilisation de glucose par les tissus
Diminution de la synthèse de protéines et augmentation du catabolisme des protéines
Mobilisation du gras- augmentation des AGL et oxidation

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10
Q

What keeps the cortisol axis balanced?

A

Sleep

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11
Q

What stimulates the release of cortisol?

A

ACTH
* Stress
* Heures de sommeil

EXAM EXAM EXAM

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12
Q

True or False

Les médullosurrénales ne sont pas essentielles à la survie.

A

True

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12
Q

explain the circadian cortisol rhythm

A

In the morning we have a peak of cortisol and then it drops during the day

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13
Q

Where do Chatecholamines come from?

A

Medulla of the surrenal gland but specifically:
Substance dérivée de la tyrosine (a.a.)

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14
Q

NE and EP roles and differences?

A

Think Fight or Flight!!!
Norépinephrine cause la vasoconstriction de la majorité des vaisseaux du corps et augmente l’activité du cœur, inhibe le système GI, dilate la pupille

Épinéphrine a les mêmes effets que la Norépinéphrine sauf pour certains aspects
plus d’effet sur le cœur
augmente davantage le débit cardiaque

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15
Q

Testosterone production organ in males and females?

A

TESTOSTÉRONE in males
◦ 95% d’origine testiculaire
◦ 5% d’origine cortex surrénalien

TESTOSTÉRONE in females
100% d’origine cortex surrénalien

16
Q

Forms of testosterone?

A

DIHYDROTESTOSTÉRONE
◦ La plus active

-> Need 5alpha-reductase to get DHT (exam)

ANDROSTENEDIONE
Less active

17
Q

What is SHBG?

A

Sex hormone binding globulin
Testosterone cant travel without a protein:
La testostérone se lie à 2 protéines: l’albumine et
la SHBG

KEY: C’est la testostérone libre qui est active

18
Q

Albumin vs SHBG?

A

La SHBG se lie avec une plus grande affinité que
l’albumine -> not biodisponible

La testostérone liée à l’albumine se dissocie
facilement et peut être facilement biodisponible

19
Q

Testosterone and fetal correlation

A

It is testosterone presence created by Leydig cells
or specifically DHT presence that allows for
Descente des testicules and Différenciation des OGE mâles (pénis et scrotum)

20
Q

LH vs FSH and action?

A

LH: stimulates ** Leydig cells -> testosterone
F
S**H: Stimulates sertoli cells -> spermatogenese

21
Q

True or False,

FSH is sufficient to generate sperm

A

FALSE

FSH stimulated sertoli cells but you need local testosterone

22
Q

La synthèse des estrogènes nécessite?

A

L’action combinée de:
1) la LH action on the theque et la FSH action on the granulosa
2) la thèque et la granulosa

23
Q

Estradiol, progesterone, LH and FSH curves during the cycle

A

1) FSH ++ : folliculogénèse et + estradiol
2) Estradiol +++ : croissance de l’endomètre,
3) Pic de LH : ovulation et formation du corps jaune
4) Corps jaune : sécrétion progestérone
5) Estradiol et progestérone ++ : (—) FSH et LH
6) Dégénérescence du corps jaune (si pas enceinte)
7) Estradiol et progestérone — : menstruation
8) Estradiol—: FSH ++ début d’un nouveau cycle

24
Q

Les hormones d’origine placentaire and roles

A

Peptides : **
hCG-beta (
test for pregnancy**)
hPL (preparation for lactation)
** antagonise l’effet de l’insuline et diminue
l’utilisation de glucose par la mère ce qui rend le
glucose disponible pour le fœtus. **

**Steroides: **
*Progestérone
Jusqu’à 6 -7 semaines de grossesse la source principale de Pg (17OHPg) est le corps jaune.
Ensuite c’est le placenta qui sécrète de la
progestérone.
Le rôle de la progestérone placentaire est
◦ De prevent les contractions utérines (exam)

*Oestrogènes (Estriol»Estrone et Estradiol)