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Erin's Fundamentals > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

2 hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary

A

ADH, oxytocin

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2
Q

6 hormones secreted by anterior pituitary

A 
TSH – thyroid stimulating hormone
FSH – follicle stimulating hormone
LH - luteinizing hormone
GH – growth hormone
ACTH – adrenocorticotrophic hormone
Prolactin
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3
Q

ADH

A

Anti-diuretic Hormone

Acts on Principle Cells of distal renal tubules and collecting ducts to increase H20 re-absorption

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4
Q

Osmoreceptors

A

In hypothalamus; are very sensitive to blood osmolarity. Stimulations of these receptors results in the posterior pituitary release of ADH

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5
Q

Baroreceptors

A

in the left atrium, aortic arch, and carotid artery sense hypovolemia / hypervolemia signaling the hypothalamus to decrease/increase secretion of ADH

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6
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

is a condition characterized by excessive thirst and excretion of large amounts of severely diluted urine

  • Neural
  • Nephrogenic
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7
Q

SIADH

A

Syndrome of Innappropriate ADH secretion

  • Oat cell carcinoma
  • decreased Na+ = total body Na+ is normal; too much total body free water
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8
Q

Oxytocin

A
  • Uterine contraction, helps in baby delivery
  • “Let down of milk” (milk moves from production areas to traveling down the ductal system)
  • Milk ejection
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9
Q

Acromegaly

A

Too much GH but growth plates CLOSED

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10
Q

Gigantism

A

Too much GH and growth plates OPEN

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11
Q

Growth Hormone

A
  • Increase in linear growth (before bone growth plates close)
  • Increase protein synthesis, increased lean body mass
  • Promotes utilization of fats for energy source
  • Diabetogenic – increases insulin resistance
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12
Q

Prolactin

A
  • Lactogenesis
  • Inhibits ovulation (inhibits GnrH)
  • Breast development at puberty and pregnancy
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13
Q

Galactorrhea

A

Milk production unassociated with pregnancy.

  • trauma to pituitary
  • no dopamine production to inhibit release
  • give Bromocriptine (dopamine agonist)
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14
Q

TSH

A
  • Stimulted by release of TRH in hypothalamus
  • Regulates secretion of T3 and T4
  • T3 is the “steady” state hormone
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15
Q

T4

A
  • Thyroxine

- Tissues turn T4 in to T3

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16
Q

T3 Physiologic Effects

A
  • Increased thermogenesis, sweating
  • Increase rate/depth respiration (increased 02 consumption/ C02 production)
  • Increase cardiac output, arrhythmias
  • Increased pulse pressure (positive inotropic effects)
  • Increased utilization of nutrients, increased food intake, weight loss
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17
Q

T3 Actions

A
  1. Growth/bone formation and maturation
  2. Maturation of CNS
  3. BMR (Na+, K+, O2, Heat)
  4. Metabolism (glucose absorption, glyconeogenesis, lipolysis, protein synthesis)
  5. Cardiac Output
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18
Q

Grave’s Disease

A
  1. antibodies bind to TSH receptors in thyroid and turn it “ON”
  2. the gland starts to produce more T3/T4
  3. TSH levels are decreased because of negative feedback exerted by high plasma levels of T3 / T4
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19
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

• Cold intolerance
• Weight gain
• Slowness in movement, speech, and thought
• Lethargy
• Myxedema – puffiness of skin, non-pitting edema, pleural, cardiac effusions
Thyroid Hormones = low, TSH/TRH= high

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20
Q

Myxedema

A

puffiness of skin, non-pitting edema, pleural, cardiac effusions caused by HYPOTHYROIDISM

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21
Q

Cretinism

Study These Flashcards
A

is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormones

22
Q

Catecholamines

Study These Flashcards
A

Epi
Norepi
Dopamine

23
Q

Hormones of the adrenal medula

Study These Flashcards
A

catecholamines: epi, norepi, dopamine

24
Q

Hormones and layers of the adrenal cortex

Study These Flashcards
A

Zona Reticularis = Androgens
Zona Fasciculata = Glucocorticoids
Zona Glomerulosa = Mineralcorticoids

25
CRH
cortico-trophin releasing hormone; released from hypothalamus and heads to pituitary; stimulates secretion of ACTH
26
ACTH
adrenocorticotrophic hormone; released from pituitary and tells adrenal cortex to release cortisol; includes
27
Glucocorticoids
Cortisol • Stimulates gluconeogenesis; HIGH blood sugar • Antiinflammatory – inhibits inflammatory response • Suppresses immune response –(T cells); organ transplant patients will get steroids to fight immune system attack • Maintains vascular response to catecholamines; need steroids so that your body can respond to sympathetic nervous system • Inhibits bone formation
28
Aldosterone
* Increases Na+ resorption resulting in ECF volume expansion, hypertension * Increases renal K+ secretion - hypokalemia * Increases renal H+ secretion – metabolic alkalosis
29
MSH
melanocyte stimulating hormone; part of ACTH family; released from pituitary; high MSH can lead to hyperpigmentation
30
Addison's Disease
adrenal insufficiency: | Hypoglycemia, anorexia, weakness, hyperpigmentation (high ACTH levels, high MSH)
31
Cushing's Disease
Excess glucocorticoids (too much cortisol)
32
GnRH
gonadotropin releasing hormone; releases FSH and LH from pituitary
33
FSH
folllicle stimulating hormone • Stimulates development of follicles in the ovary • Stimulates spermatogenesis
34
LH
luteinizing hormone • Stimulates development of corpus luteum in the ovaries • Stimulates testosterone secretions of testes
35
Estrogen and Progesterone
feedback hormones that stimulate release of FSH and LH
36
Conn Syndrome
HyperAldosterone - hypertension - hypokalemia - metabolic alkalosis
37
Insulin
Hormone of Abundance - secreted when serum GLUCOSE is HIGH - Increasing glucose transport into cells - Promotes K+ uptake into cells - Promoting formation of glycogen (chain of glucose) in liver and muscle - Decreases blood lipid levels and stores fats
38
Type I Diabetes Mellitus
not making adequate insulin, "early onset" - cells can't uptake insulin - cells break down fat for energy (ketones) - hyperglycemic, ketoacidosis, polyuria, polydipsia,
39
Type II Diabetes Mellitus
making adequate insulin but cells don't respond, "insulin resistence." - don't get ketoacidotic - hyperglycemic - Treat with weight loss and Metformin (improves tissues use of insulin)
40
GLP/ GIP 1
promote insulin secretion
41
ALPHA Cells
produce glucagon
42
BETA Cells
produce insulin
43
Glucagon
Hormone of Starvation - secreted when serum GLUCOSE is LOW - increases blood glucose; works opposite of insulin
44
Somatostatin
Released by hypothalamus: - inhibits growth hormone - modulates response of glucose/glucagon to food ingestion
45
Physical signs of hypocalcemia
* Hyperreflexia * Muscle cramping * Spontaneous twitching * Tingling and numbness * Chvostek sign: twitching of facial muscle caused by tapping on facial nerve * Trosseau sign: carpopedal spasm with inflation of BP cuff
46
Physical signs of hypercalcemia
* Polyuria * Polydipsia * Hyporeflexia * Constipation * Lethargy, coma, death
47
PTH
Parathyroid Hormone: - secretion stimulated with low serum Ca++ - Kidney = Ca++ reabsorption, phosphate excretion - Bone = resorption of calcium (break down bone) - Intestine = Ca++ absorption
48
Hyperparathyroidism
too much PTH; hypercalcemia; osteoperosis
49
Hypoparathyroid
too little PTH; hypocalcemia
50
Vitamin D
Cholecalciferol - bone growth and remodeling - calcium and phosphate resorption
51
Vitamin D deficiency
Rickets in kids | Osteoperosis in adults

Erin's Fundamentals (12 decks)

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