Endocrine Flashcards
(74 cards)
1
Q
Hormones released by the anterior pituitary
A
6 hormones
FLATPiG
2
Q
Posterior pituitary hormones
A
3
Q
Most common cause for diabetes insipitus
A
Pituitary surgery
4
Q
SIADH
conditions
A
5
Q
SIADH Plasma
volume
osm
sodium
A
6
Q
SIADH Urine
volume
osm
sodium
A
7
Q
SIADH treatment
A
8
Q
Diabetes insipidus
Conditions
A
too little ADH
9
Q
Diabetes insipidus Plasma
volume
osm
sodium
A
10
Q
Diabetes insipidus Urine
volume
osm
sodium
A
11
Q
Diabetes Insipidus Treatment
A
12
Q
Gigantism considerations
A
13
Q
Hormones released by the thyroid glands
A
14
Q
T3 vs T4 hormones
A
15
Q
How do thyroid hormones affect the metabolic rate
A
16
Q
elevated thyroid hormones effects on volatile gas MACs
A
17
Q
elevated thyroid hormones effects on cardiovascular system
A
18
Q
elevated thyroid hormones effects on GI
A
increased gastric motility = diarrhea
19
Q
elevated thyroid hormones effects on cellular metabolism
A
20
Q
elevated thyroid hormones effects on musculoskeletal system
A
21
Q
Hypethyroidism etiology
A
22
Q
Hyperthyroidism general findings
A
23
Q
Hypothyroidism etiologies
A
24
Q
Hypothyroidism general findings
A
25
Hypothyroidism cardiac and pulmonary findings
26
most common time frame for thyroid storm
6-18 hrs post-op
27
myxedema come - what is it
coma as a consequence of end-stage hypothyroidism
28
amiodarone in the thyroid patient
* amiodarone contains high concentration of iodine per wieght
* It can cause hyper or hypothyroidism
29
Which drugs are thionamides and what do they do?
30
Which drugs are thionamides and key details about them
* propylthiouracil PTU
* methimazole
* carbimazole
31
beta-blockers used for hyper-thyroidism and their action
Esmolol - easier to titrate
Propanalol
32
potassium iodide in hyperthyroidism - role and key details
33
radioactive iodine - role and key details
34
thyroidectomy complications
* hypothyroidism
* hypocalcemia
* hemorrage with tracheal compression
* recurent laryngeal nerve damage
35
thiopental and hyperthyroidism
36
hyperthyroidism and neuromuscular blockers
cautions as hyperthyroidism is associated with myastenia gravis and myopathy
37
hyperthyroidism and positioning in the OR
caution d/t higher incidence of osteoporosis
38
thyroid storm
incidence, causes and timing of occurance
39
thyroid storm - sxs
40
thyroid storm - differential diagnosis
41
thyroid storm main treatment
42
thyroid storm supportive treatment
43
hypocalcemia sxs
44
Chevostek's sign vs Trousseau's Sign
upper = chevostek's
lower = troussease's
45
where are androgens, mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids produced
46
where are cathecholamines produced?
adrenal medulla
47
the layers of the adrenal medulla and what it produces
48
what stimulates aldoseterone release?
* RAAS activation
* hyponatremia
* hyperkalemia
49
what stimulates cortisol release?
50
aldosterone role
51
cortisol roles
* energy mobilization (gluconeogenesis in the liver to make glucose in the blood, protein catabolism and mobilization of fat to increase sugar in the blood)
* anti-inflammatory - stabilizes lysosomal layer of cells and decreases number of eosinophils and lymphocytes in the blood (does not help with histamine release)
* increases response to cathecholamines making the myocardium more sensitive to beta 2 stimulation and increasing the number of beta 2 receptors and the vasculature to catecholamines
* androgenic effects
52
which endogenous steroids have equal parts gluco / mineralo corticoid properties ?
Cortisol and Cortisone
53
which synthetic steroids have equal parts gluco / mineralo corticoid properties ?
none
54
which synthetic steroids do not have mineralocorticoid properties ?
dexamethasone
betamethasone
triamcinolone
55
what's Conn's disease ?
hyper-aldoseteronism
* hypertension (sodium and water retention)
* hypokalemia (potassium wasting)
* metabolic alkalosis (H+ wasting)
56
Conn's anesthetic considerations
57
Cushing's syndrome
excess cortisol
(Cushing's disease is excess production of ACTH from anterior pituitary)
58
Cushing's syndrome clinical features
59
Cushing's syndrome anesthetic considerations
60
Addison's disease - what is it?
61
adrenal insuficiency sxs
62
acute adrenal crisis sxs
d/t adrenal insuficiancy with stressor like sepsis, surgery, infection, illness
63
Bioequivalence prednisone with hydrocortisone
5mg prednisone = 20mg hydrocortisone
64
who is at risk of adrenal supression and who should recieve stress dose
65
what are the stress doses of hydrocostisone based on surgery type?
66
what drugs cause adrenal supression?
* etomidate - 8 hrs of supression after a single dose (inhibits 11-beta-hydroxylase)
* ketoconazole (nizoral) - inhibits cortisol synthesis
67
what hoemones are produes by th epancreas and what cells produce them
68
insulin elimination
by th eliver and the kidneys
t1/2 5 min
69
drugs that increase the serum glucose (aka can't mask hypoglycemia intra-op)
hydrochlorothiazide
metolazone
indapamide
70
graves disease labs and sxs
most common hyperthyroidism - autoimmune dx - caused by TSH receptor antibodies stimuklating the thyroid to produce hormones
71
what stimultaes growth hormone secretion ?
72
Addison's disease causes
(low cortisol levels)
73
somatotropin effects
aka growth hormone
74
max glucose reabsorption in the kideneys
180 mg/dl
