Endocrine

Question 1

Hormones

Answer 1

Function: regulate chemical and volume of the body’s internal environment

Regulates metabolism and energy balance

Regulates contraction of cardiac and smooth muscle

Question 2

Pituitary gland

Answer 2

Often called master gland because it secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands

Divide into 2 parts , anterior posterior

Question 3

Human growth hormone

Answer 3

Most abundant anterior pituitary hormone

Stimulates growth of body cells

Stimulate protein synthesis

Stimulates lipoysis (fat breakdown)

Inhibits protein breakdown

Question 4

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 4

Also called thyrotropin

Influences the body’s metabolic rate

Stimulates the secretion of
T3- triiodothyronine
T4- thyroxine

Question 5

Thyroid gland hormones

Answer 5

Located just below the larynx with its lines lying on either side of the trachea

The right and left loves are connected to each other by the isthmus

The only gland that can store its secretory product in large quantities
X normally about a 100 day supply

Question 6

Thyroid hormones

Answer 6

Thyroxine

X contains 4 iodine atoms
X normally secreted in greater quantity
X most is converted to t3 by the removal of an iodine atom

Question 7

Actions of the thyroid hormones

Answer 7

Regulates oxygen utilization and nasal metabolic rate

Regulates cellular metabolism
X increases photo synthesis
X increase lipolysis
X increases glucose use in the atp production

Question 8

Hormones secreted by the hypothalamus

Answer 8

Function: growth hormone releasing hormone

Thyrotropin

Corticotrolie

Anti diuretic

Oxytocin

Question 9

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

Answer 9

Targets anterior pituitary, causing an increase in secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 10

Corticotropie releasing hormone

Answer 10

Targets a.p, causing an increase in secretion of adrenocort cotropic hormone

Question 11

Antidiurectic hormone

Answer 11

Produced in hypothalamus

Stored in posterior pituitary

Question 12

Oxytocin hormone

Answer 12

Produced in hypothalamus

Stored in posterior pituitary

Question 13

Adrenal glands

Answer 13

Located superior to each kidney

Structurally divides into 2 regions

Adrenal cortex
X outer region
X makes up majority of the gland

Adrenal medulla
X inner portion of the gland
X contains 2 sets of hormone producing cells
X under direct control of the autonomic nervous system

Question 14

Glucocorticoids

Answer 14

Regulates metabolism

Influences resistance to stress

Cortisol
X makes up 95% of Gluco corticoids
X primary role is that of gluconeogensis

Promotes normal metabolism

Regulates by the secretion of acth

Question 15

Hormones of adrenal medulla

Answer 15

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Makes up 80% of the secreations from the adrenal medulla

Responsible for flight or fight response

Helps the body cope with stress

Question 16

Pancreas

Answer 16

Flattened alone organ located just posterior and slightly inferior to the stomach

Both an endocrine and exocrine gland

Endocrine tissue of the pancreas is called the pancreatic islets

Question 17

Cell types of the langerhans

Answer 17

Alpha cells: secrete glucagon
X raises blood sugar

Beta cells: secrete insulin
X lowers blood sugar

Question 18

Glucagon

Answer 18

Increases blood sugar when it falls below normal ranges

Main target is liver

Accelerates the conversion of glycogen Into glucose

Promotes the formation of glucose from lactic acid and certain amino acids

Suppressed appetite

Question 19

Insulin

Answer 19

Decreases blood glucose levels if it gets too high

Accelerates the teenager of glucose from the blood I to the body’s cells

Accerates the conversion of glucose to glycogen

Accelerates the conversion of glucose or other nutrients into fatty acids

Influences by increased levels of certain amino acids and hormones