Endocrine

Question 1

Endocrine Glands are

Answer 1

Ductless that release hormones via bloodstream

Question 2

Hormone levels are often controlled by

Answer 2

Negative feedback

Question 3

Hormones are

Answer 3

long distance , released by glands

Question 4

Autocrines are

Answer 4

Short Distance, chemical messengers that affect the cells that released them (self)

Question 5

Paracrines are

Answer 5

short distance , affect nearby cells

Question 6

Humoral stimuli

Answer 6

chemicals found in body fluid like ion/nutrient levels

Question 7

Neural stimuli

Answer 7

direct stimulation by neurons (e.g Adrenal Medulla)

Question 8

Hormonal stimuli

Answer 8

by hormones

Question 9

Target cells respond to

Answer 9

Hormones. Response depends on: Hormone levels, # of receptors on cell, receptor desire for the hormone

Question 10

Half - life

Answer 10

how long the hormone remains active in blood

water-soluble hormones have shortest half lives, steroids have longest half lives

Question 11

Onset time

Answer 11

How quickly target cells respond

Question 12

Duration of effect

Answer 12

how long the cells stays in response to that hormone

Question 13

Permissiveness

Answer 13

the hormone only works fully when the other is working

Question 14

Synergism

Answer 14

The hormone works better together

Question 15

Antagonism

Answer 15

The hormone works against each other

Question 16

Hypothalamus

Answer 16

part of the brain with endocrine functions.

Question 17

Hypothalamus produces and secretes

Answer 17

Oxytocin and ADH to the Posterior Pituitary

Question 18

Hypothalamus is connected to the pituitary by the

Answer 18

Infundibulum

Question 19

Proper name for Posterior Pituitary is the

Answer 19

Neurohypophysis (nur - ro - hi - pa- th- sis)

Question 20

The tract that goes from the Hypothalamus to the Posterior Pituitary is called

Answer 20

Hypothalamic - Hypophyseal tract

Hy-po-tha- lamic Hy-po -fa- seal

Question 21

Neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)

Answer 21

stores and releases hormones only

Question 22

Oxytocin

Answer 22

targets the uterus, breast, brain, uterine contractions , and milk ejection

Question 23

Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 23

targets kidneys, blood vessels. Stimulates water re-absorption, blood pressure maintenance (keeps BP up)

Question 24

Anterior Pituitary proper name is

Answer 24

Adenohypophysis ( A -DE- No- hy- pa-fa-sis)

Question 25

Adenohypophysis produces and releases 6 hormones

Answer 25

Growth Hormone (GH) , Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) , Adrenocorticoropic Hormone (ACTH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) , Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Prolactin (PRL)

Question 26

Growth Hormone (GH)

Answer 26

Targets almost all cells , Stimulates growth

Question 27

Thyroid - Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Answer 27

targets thyroid gland, stimulates the thyroid hormone (TH)

Question 28

``` Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) A-Dre-no- cor-tic-co-tro-pic) ```

Answer 28

targets adrenal cortex , stimulates release of Gluco - and Gonadocorticoids

Question 29

Follicle - stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 29

targets gonads (ovaries and testis) , stimulates eggs and sperm

Question 30

``` Luteninizing Hormone (LH) (Lu-ten-ni-zing) ```

Answer 30

``` targets gonads (ovaries and testis) Stimulates estrogen/progesterone stimulates testosterone production by testes ```

Question 31

Prolactin (PRL)

Answer 31

targets mammary glands, stimulates milk production

Question 32

Thyroid Gland is located

Answer 32

inferior to the larynx

Question 33

The lobes on the Thyroid Gland is connected by an

Answer 33

isthmus

Question 34

Thyroid Hormone (TH) is produced by

Answer 34

follicle cells/ colloid ; targets almost all body cells , increases basal metabolic rate (BMR) , promotes normal development of systems

Question 35

Thyroid Gland Produces two hormones

Answer 35

Thyroid Hormone (TH) and Calcitonin

Question 36

Calcitonin produced by

Answer 36

parafollicular cell, decreases Ca2+ loss from bone (it maintain bone)

Question 37

iodine is needed to make

Answer 37

Thyroid Hormone

Question 38

Goiter is caused by

Answer 38

iodine deficiency

Question 39

Graves' disease caused by an

Answer 39

over active thyroid (Hyperthyroidsim) | Symptoms: weight loss, eyes swell , its treatable

Question 40

Parathyroid Glands usually have

Answer 40

four round glands on dorsal thyroid gland

Question 41

Parathyroid Glands produce one hormone called

Answer 41

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 42

Parathyroid Hormones (PTH) targets

Answer 42

bone and kidneys, raises blood ca2+ (calcium) levels (removes calcium from bone)

Question 43

Adrenal Glands are located

Answer 43

on top of the kidneys (2)

Question 44

Adrenal Glands have two glands in one which are

Answer 44

the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

Question 45

Adrenal Cortex

Answer 45

outer region consisting of 3 layers or zones

Question 46

Zona Glomerulosa is what layer

Answer 46

outer layer of cortex

Question 47

Zona Glomerulosa produces a class of hormones called

Answer 47

Mineralocorticoids like Aldosterone

Question 48

Aldosterone targets the

Answer 48

kidney tubules , increase Na+ (salt/sodium) , decreases urine output, maintains /keeps up blood pressure.

Question 49

Zona Fasciculata is what layer

Answer 49

Middle layer of cortex

Question 50

Zona Fasciculata produces a class of hormones called

Answer 50

Glucocortitcoids like Cortisol

Question 51

Cortisol targets the

Answer 51

liver, cardiovascular, digestive system