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Year 2 > Endocrine Anatomy > Flashcards

Endocrine Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What endocrine organs are contained in the cranial cavity?

A

hypothalamus and pituitary gland

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2
Q

What endocrine organs are contained in the neck?

A

4 parathyroid glands and thyroid gland

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3
Q

What endocrine organs are found in the abdomen?

A

2 adrenal glands and the pancreas

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4
Q

What endocrine organs are found in the pelvis of females?

A

Ovaries

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5
Q

What endocrine organs are found in the perineum in males?

A

testes

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6
Q

Which part of the brain is composed of the thalamus and hypothalamus?

A

Diencephalon

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7
Q

What structure attaches the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?

A

Infundibulum/pituitary stalk

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8
Q

In which bone is the pituitary fossa?

A

sphenoid

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9
Q

In which part of the sphenoid bone does the pituitary fossa lie?

A

sella turcica

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10
Q

Which structure lies immediately superior to the pituitary gland?

A

Optic chiasm

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11
Q

From what two approaches can a surgeon gain access to the pituitary gland?

A

Transcranial

Transsphenoidal

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12
Q

Is the inferior nasal concha part of the ethmoid bone?

A

NO! It is a separate bone

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13
Q

Which nasal conchae are formed by the ethmoid bone?

A

Superior and Middle

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14
Q

What type of epithelium lines the paranasal sinuses?

A

Mucous-secreting respiratory mucosa

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15
Q

What structure lines the entire cranial cavity internally?

A

Dura mater

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16
Q

What name is given to the tough sheet of dura mater that tents over the cerebellum and has a central gap to allow the brainstem to pass through.

A

tentorium cerebelli

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17
Q

What name is given to the tough sheet of dura mater that forms a roof over the pituitary fossa?

A

Diaphragm sellae

18
Q

What name is given to dural in-foldings that act as cavities for venous blood, but aren’t anatomically veins?

A

Dural venous sinuses

19
Q

Where do the dural venous sinuses drain to?

A

Internal jugular veins

20
Q

In which cranial fossa are the jugular foraminae?

A

posterior cranial fossa

21
Q

Which dural venous sinuses surround the pituitary gland?

A

cavernous and intercavernous sinuses

22
Q

How many lobes does the thyroid gland have?

A

2

23
Q

What structure connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland?

A

isthmus

24
Q

Where does the isthmus lie?

A

anterior to the 2nd and 3rd cartilages of the trachea

25
Q

Where do the parathyroid glands lie?

A

on the posterior surface of the thyroid glands lateral lobes

26
Q

Where does the thyroid gland originate from in development?

A

foramen caecum

27
Q

What muscles lie anterior to the thyroid gland and are embedded in the subcutaneous tissue, attaching to the skin?

A

right and left platysma

28
Q

What cranial nerve supplies the platysma muscles?

A

CN VII

29
Q

Which fascial compartment is located posteriorly in the neck and encloses the postural neck muscles and cervical vertebrae?

A

prevertebral (deep) fascia

30
Q

Which fascia encloses the other fascial compartments of the neck as well as the sternocleidomastoids and trapezius muscles?

A

Investing fascia

31
Q

What structures are located anteriorly in the neck, enclosing the vagus nerves, deep cervical lymph nodes, carotid arteries and internal jugular veins?

A

Carotid sheath

32
Q

Which fascia encloses the oesophagus, trachea, thyroid, strap muscles and recurrent laryngeal nerves?

A

pretracheal fascia

33
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?

A

CN XI

34
Q

At what spinal level do the jugular veins bifurcate?

A

C4

35
Q

Which veins drain the thyroid gland?

A

superior, middle and inferior thyroid glands

36
Q

Which groups of lymph nodes drain the thyroid and parathyroid glands?

A

superior deep cervical lymph nodes
Inferior deep cervical lymph nodes
Pretracheal lymphnodes
paratracheal lymphnodes

37
Q

Where does lymph from the right side of the the thyroid drain to?

A

Right lymphatic duct then right venous angle

38
Q

Where does lymph from the left side of the thyroid drain to?

A

Thoracic duct then left venous angle

39
Q

Where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve loop round on the right side of the body?

A

right subclavian artery

40
Q

Name the strap muscles?

A

sternohyoid
omohyoid
thyrohyoid

41
Q

which strap muscle is attached to the clavicle via a fascial sling?

A

omohyoid

Year 2 (6 decks)

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