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Paramedic Medical Emergencies > Endocrine and Nephrology > Flashcards

Endocrine and Nephrology Flashcards

Diabetic Emergencies, Endocrine, Nephrology (55 cards)

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1
Q

What gland secretes anti-diuretic hormone

A

Posterior pituitary gland

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2
Q

What does antidiuretic hormone do

A

controls water balance and blood pressure by preventing fluid loss

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3
Q

Thyroid hormone is primarily responsible for

A

metabolism

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4
Q

The thymus gland is located

A

Infront of the ascending aorta

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5
Q

The pineal gland secretes

A

Melatonin

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6
Q

The master gland is

A

The pituitary gland

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7
Q

Stage 5 kidney disease is characterized by a GFR of

A

<15

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8
Q

What surrounds the glomerulus

A

Bowmans capsule

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9
Q

The pituitary gland connects to the hypothalamus via the

A

Infundibulum

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10
Q

Giantism and dwarfism are

A

pituitary disorders

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11
Q

The loop of henle

A

absorbs water and sodium from urine

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12
Q

What stimulates red blood cell production in bone marrow

A

erythropoietin

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13
Q

What in the kidneys filters blood

A

Bowmans capsule

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14
Q

The functional unit in the kidneys is the

A

Nephron

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15
Q

The kidneys

A

control blood pressure, filter out waste from the body, produce urine

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16
Q

Acute renal failure may be characterized by

A

decreased urine output or blood in the urine

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17
Q

Where is glucagon produced

A

A-cells of islets of Langerhans

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18
Q

Where is insulin produced

A

B-cells of islets of Langerhans

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19
Q

Glucagon MOA

A

Converts glycogen stores into glucose. Stimulates gluconeogenesis in liver and kidneys

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20
Q

Insulin MOA

A

Opens cells to allow for glucose to enter. Stimulates storage in liver, muscles, and adipose tissue

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21
Q

Juvenile onset diabetes is

A

Type I diabetes

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22
Q

Adult-onset diabetes

A

Diabetes type II

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23
Q

Type I diabetes MOA

Study These Flashcards
A

Destruction of B-cells due to autoimmune response. Limited or no production of insulin.

24
Q

Type II diabetes MOA

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A

Insulin is present but not effective. B-cells are diminished. Target organs are resistant to the insulin.

25
Type III diabetes
Thought to be dementia
26
What type of diabetes is more common?
Type II
27
What organ doesn't need insulin to receive glucose?
The brain (And liver)
28
3 Ps of Hyperglycemia
Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia
29
Hyperglycemia S/S
Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia, Weight loss, Lethargy, Cold extremities
30
What two conditions may result from untreated hyperglycemia
-Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemia state (HONK) -Ketoacidosis
31
DKA presents with
Abdominal tenderness, Fruity breath, Hypothermia, tachypnea, Tachycardia, Hypovolemia, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia, Weight loss, Lethargy
32
Hypoglycemia S/S
Altered mental status, Tachycardia, tachypnea, Weakness, Shakiness, Brain impairment
33
DKA happens when
The body doesn't have enough insulin. This prevents the body from using the glucose in the blood, and instead, the body breaks down fat for energy, releasing ketones
34
35
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemia state (HONK) happens when
High blood sugar leads to severe dehydration and highly concentrated blood. This causes a shift in osmolarity
36
The endocrine system
secretes hormones into the bloodstream
37
Anterior Pituitary hormones
-Thyroid stimulating hormone -Luteinizing Hormone -Follicle stimulating hormone -Growth hormone -Adrenocorticotropic hormone -Prolactin -Melanocyte- stimulating hormone
38
How big is the pituitary gland
The size of a pea
39
Posterior pituitary gland secretes
-Antidiuretic hormone -Oxytocin
40
Excess of ACTH causes
Cushing's disease
41
Lack of ACTH causes
Addisons disease
42
Lack of ADH causes
Diabetes
43
Excess of ADH causes
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH
44
The largest endocrine gland
The thyroid gland
45
What does Parathyroid hormone do
Regulates blood calcium
46
Hypersecretion of thyroid hormones causes
Graves' disease and goiter
47
Hyposecretion of thyroid hormones causes
Cretinism and Myxedema
48
The adrenal gland secretes
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
49
What are the three classes of hormones the adrenal glands secrete
Mineralocorticoids, Glucocorticoids, Androgens
50
The testes secrete
Testosterone
51
The ovaries secrete
Progesterone and estrogen
52
The thymus secretes
Thymosin
53
How many nephrons are in each kidney
1000000
54
Name the three steps of urine formation
Glomerular filtration, Reabsorption, secretion
55
Bladder cancer typically begins
In the lining of the bladder

Paramedic Medical Emergencies (15 decks)

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