Endocrine Control Review

Question 1

What is a hormone?

Answer 1

a blood borne chemical mediator released from an endocrine gland that acts on distant target cells

Question 2

What is a neurocrine signal?

Answer 2

a signal that travels down a neuron axon and is then released into the blood to act on a distant target with the appropriate receptor

Question 3

What is a paracrine signal?

Answer 3

a signal from one cell type to a differing neighbouring cell type via diffusion

Question 4

What is an autocrine signal?

Answer 4

a signal from one cell to a neighbouring identical cell or back to itself via diffusion

Question 5

What is a tropic hormone?

Answer 5

a hormone that controls the secretion of another hormone

Question 6

What is a trophic hormone?

Answer 6

a hormone that stimulates growth and development

Question 7

Where is the receptor for hydrophilic hormones?

Answer 7

on the cell membrane

Question 8

Where is the receptor for hydrophobic hormones?

Answer 8

intracellular

Question 9

What is an example of a peptide hormone?

Answer 9

insulin

Question 10

What is the half life of peptide hormones?

Answer 10

short

Question 11

What is the half life of steroid hormones?

Answer 11

long

Question 12

What is an example of a steroid hormone?

Answer 12

oestrogen

Question 13

Are peptide hormones hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 13

hydrophilic

Question 14

Are steroid hormones hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 14

hydrophobic

Question 15

What are the two types of amine hormones?

Answer 15

catecholamines and thyroid hormones

Question 16

Are catecholamines hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 16

hydrophilic

Question 17

Are thyroid hormones hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 17

hydrophobic

Question 18

What is an example of a catecholamine?

Answer 18

adrenaline

Question 19

What is the mechanism of action of hydrophilic hormones?

Answer 19

activate a second messenger system

Question 20

What is the mechanism of action of hydrophobic hormones?

Answer 20

alter gene transcription

Question 21

What factors influence plasma hormone concentration?

Answer 21

rate of secretion, rate of metabolic activation, extent of binding to plasma proteins, rate of inactivation and excretion

Question 22

How are steroid hormones removed from the body?

Answer 22

conjugation

Question 23

How are amine hormones removed from the body?

Answer 23

circulating degrading enzymes

Question 24

How are large peptide hormones removed from the body?

Answer 24

receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 25

How are small peptide hormones removed from the body?

Answer 25

by the kidney

Question 26

What is antagonism?

Answer 26

hormones acting together but in opposite directions

Question 27

What is synergysm?

Answer 27

hormones acting together where the effect is more than additive

Question 28

What is permissive?

Answer 28

first hormone cannot exert its effect without presence of second hormone

Question 29

What is a primary endocrine disorder?

Answer 29

where the gland is abnormal

Question 30

What is a secondary endocrine disorder?

Answer 30

where the gland is normal but secretion is abnormal

Question 31

What would be the levels of CRH, ACTH and cortisol in a secondary hypersecretion due to hypothalamic pathology?

Answer 31

high CRH, high ACTH, high cortisol

Question 32

What would be the levels of CRH, ACTH and cortisol in secondary hypersecretion due to anterior pituitary pathology?

Answer 32

low CRH, high ACTH, high cortisol

Question 33

What would be the levels of CRH, ACTH and cortisol in primary hypersecretion due to adrenal pathology?

Answer 33

low CRH, low ACTH, high cortisol