Endocrine Diseases

Question 1

Excess body weight sufficient to increase overall morbidity and mortality

Answer 1

Obesity

Question 2

Excess body weight can occur through alteration of: Amount and type of food ingested, Centrak control of satiety, Hormonal control of assimilation or storage, Physical activity or metabolic rate: in some cases, a genetic cause can be identified

Answer 2

Etiology of Endocrine Diseases

Question 3

1. Mutations in leptin or leptin receptor lead to obesity
2. Mutations in MC4-R and POMC genes
3. MC4-R codes for a membrane receptor in cells of the hypothalamus

Answer 3

Pathophysiology of genetic forms (1-3)

Question 4

4. Abnormal MC4-R receptors prevent the brain from maintaining balance between energy from food consumed and energy expended
5. This leads to increased food intake and, thus, obesity

Answer 4

Pathophysiology of genetic forms (4-5)

Question 5

Is a cause as seen in Type 2 diabetes when weight gain creates metabolic syndrome

Answer 5

Obesity: can either be the cause or consequences of disease

Question 6

Obesity in adulthood may be the result of fat cell enlargement rather than hyperplasia

Answer 6

The number of fat cells is probably established during infancy (other important factors in the connection between cause and consequence)

Question 7

Visceral fat is less sensitive to insulin making it a marker of insulin resistance

Answer 7

Where fat is despsited may be more important than how much