Endocrine disorders

Question 1

Hypoparathyroidism

Answer 1

S/Sx: tetany, hypertonia, tremor, seizure, bronchospasm, dysphagia, paresthesia, photophobia, Chvostek, Trousseau
Labs: low Ca, high Ph, high bone density

Question 2

Grave’s Disease

Answer 2

hyperthyroidism caused by autoimmune processes
S/Sx: difficulty sleeping, anxiety, diarrhea, heat intolerance, increased appetite, weight loss

Question 3

Addison’s disease diet

Answer 3

high protein, carb, sodium. Low potassium

Question 4

Addison’s disease treatment

Answer 4

hydrocortisone

Question 5

SIADH electrolyte imbalances

Answer 5

hyponatremia, hypochloremia

Question 6

SIADH signs and symptoms

Answer 6

low and soaked, large
- polydipsia
- decreased UO
- increased weight gain
- N/V
- fluid overload
- Urine SG > 1.030

Question 7

DI signs and symptoms

Answer 7

high and dry, thin
- hypotension, tachycardia
- polydipsia
- polyuria
- weight loss
- N/V
- dry mucosa, dehydration
- urine SG < 1.010

Question 8

DI electrolyte imbalances

Answer 8

hypernatremia

Question 9

DI treatment

Answer 9

desmopressin, carbamazepine, HCTZ, indomethacin
diet: low sodium, low protein

Question 10

Hypothyroidism S/Sx

Answer 10

fatigue, depression, irritability
thin hair, brittle nails, cool and dry skin
peripheral edema
bradycardia
weight gain
constipation

HIGH TSH, LOW T3/T4

Question 11

Hypothyroidism medications

Answer 11

levothyroxine (Synthroid)

Question 12

Myxedema coma treatment

Answer 12

IV T3/T4 + hydrocortisone
symptomatic management & fluid balance

Question 13

Hyperthyroidism signs and symptoms

Answer 13

hair loss, smooth skin
heat intolerance
clubbing, protruding eyes, insomnia
weight loss, amenorrhea
diarrhea
goiter

LOW TSH, HIGH T3/T4

Question 14

Thyroid storm treatment

Answer 14

• fever management
• oxygenation
• IV dextrose
• hyperthyroidism meds
• hydrocortisone, dexamethasone
• iodide
• beta blocker

Question 15

thyroid storm signs and symptoms

Answer 15

fever, tachycardia, diaphoresis, HTN, cardiac issues, LOC changes

Question 16

Hypoparathyroidism signs and symptoms

Answer 16

hypocalcemia - long QT, bradycardia, V-tach, tetany, muscle spasms, dysphagia, +Chovstek/Trousseu

Question 17

Hyperparathyroidism sign and symptoms

Answer 17

fatigue, muscle weakness, constipation, N/V, hypertension
hypercalcemia - long QT interval, bradycardia

Question 18

Hypercalcemic crisis treatment

Answer 18

rehydration w/ isotonic NS
calcitonin + corticosteroids
bisphosponates

Question 19

Hypoparathyroidism treatment

Answer 19

calcium gluconate
parathormone
diet: high calcium, low phosphate, vitamin D

Question 20

Addison disease signs and symptoms

Answer 20

fatigue, diarrhea, skin pigmentation, hypotension, salt-craving, confusion

Question 21

Addison disease electrolyte imbalance

Answer 21

hypoglycemia, hyponatremia
hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia

Question 22

Cushing disease signs and symptoms

Answer 22

muscle fatigue, water retention, purple striae, hypertension, Cushingoid appearance, osteoporosis, hirsutism

Question 23

Cushing disease electrolyte imbalances

Answer 23

hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia

Question 24

Addison disease diet

Answer 24

high salt and protein, increase fiber, low potassium

Question 25

Pheochromocytoma

Answer 25

excess catecholamine (epinephrine/norepinephrine) secretion d/t adrenal medulla dysfunction

S/Sx: headache, diaphoresis, palpitations
3Hs: hypertension, headache, hyperhidrosis, hypermetabolism, hyperglycemia

Question 26

Pheochromocytoma treatment

Answer 26

HTN medications, catecholamine inhibitors, corticosteroids

Question 27

Hypertensive crisis medications

Answer 27

nicardipine/nitroprusside.
lidocaine