Endocrine Disorders Flashcards
Hypopituitarism
Diminished or deficient secretion of pituitary hormones: Growth hormone (GH) Adrenocoticotropic (ACTH) Thyroid-stimulating (TSH) Gonadotropic hormones (FSH & LH) Prolactin (PRL) Melaocyte-stimulating (MSH) Antidiuretic (ADH) Oxytocin (OT)
Decreased ADH
Leads to diabetes insipidus
Failure of the body to retain fluid
HIGH RISK OF DEHYDRATION
Drink, pee, repeat
Growth hormone (GH) deficiency
Decrease in muscle mass, central obesity (increase in body fat around the waist) and impaired attention and memory. Children experience growth retardation and short stature
Nursing care and support for children receiving GH therapy is a focus on quality of life outcomes
GH is most effective when administered at bedtime- Oral or subcut
Under 5% percentile
Thyroid Function
Secretion of thyroid hormone (T3 & T4) are controlled by TSH from the anterior pituitary gland, which is regulated by throtropin-relesaing factor (TRF) from the hypothalamus as a negative response
Juvenile Hypothyroidism
Primary congenital disease
Treatment with TH replacement
Untreated: leads to decreased mental capacity and cognitive dysfunction
Test with newborn screening
Adrenal Cortex
Secretes steroids; glucorticoids, mineralocorticods, sex steroids
Adrenal Medulla
Secretes catecholamine’s, epinphrine and norepinephrine
Acute Adrenocortical Insufficient
EMERGENCY
Adrenal crisis - potentially fatal
Hemorrhage into the gland from trauma. fulminating infections, abrupt withdrawl of exogenous cortisone, failure to increase cortisone during times of stress
Rapid removal of cortisol
Acute Adrenocortical Insufficient Nursing Care
Replacement of cortisol, body fluids, glucose antibiotics in the event of infections
Monitor hyperkalmeia
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
Autosomal recessive disorder
Reduction of cortisol production and results in improper steroid hormone synthesis
Stimulates hyperplasia of the adrenal gland and increase in ACTH
CAH Clinical Manifestations
Masculinization of external genitalia of infant girls, no abnormal changes of internal sex organs
Males sfo not demonstrate external genitalia abnormality as infants, sexual maturation is stunted
CAH Dx and TX
Newborn screening
Give the hormone for treatment
Diabetes Mellitus
Total or partial deficiency of the hormone insulin
Most common endocrine disorder of childhood
Type 1 DM
More common Onset Females Primarily Caucasians Destruction of the pancreatic beta cells which leads to a deficiency Insulin dependent Ketoacidosis is common
Type 2 DM
Onset >45 years On the rise Females > males Primarily Native American, Hispanics, African Americans Insulin resistance Ketoacidosis is infrequent Oral medication
