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Endocrine drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a drug that acts on growth hormone?

A

somatotropin

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2
Q

what does somatotropin do?

A

release IGF-1 promoting skeletal growth

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3
Q

when do you use somatotropin?

A

dwarfism

Turner’s

Chronic Renal Failure

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4
Q

what drugs have an effect in Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone ?

A

Octreotide

Pegvisomant

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5
Q

how does octreotide work?

A

Inhibits release of GH, insulin, glucagon, and gastrin.

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6
Q

When is Octreotide used?

A

Acromegaly

diarrhea of Carcinoid Syndrome

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7
Q

what is the drug of choice for Acromegaly?

A

octreotide

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8
Q

what drugs are used to stimulate follicle stimulating hormone?

A

follitropin alpha

follitropin beta

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9
Q

from where is follitropin acquired?

A

from post-menopausal women urine

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10
Q

when is follitropin used?

A

infertility due to anovulation in women

Ex: polycystic ovary disease

hypogonadism and undescended testicles in men

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11
Q

what hormones do you look for in polycystic ovary disease?

what hormones do you look for in a lab report in hypogonadism?

what hormones do you look for in a lab report in undescended testes?

A

hCG and menotropins

hCG

hCG

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12
Q

follitropin toxicity can cause what?

A

Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome

  • uncomplicated ovarian enlargement
  • ascities
  • hydrothorax
  • hypovolemia
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13
Q

what drugs act by stimulating Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone?

A
  1. Gonadorelin
  2. Leuprolide
  3. Goserelin
  4. Buserelin
  5. Histerelin
  6. Nafare
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14
Q

What will pulsatile adminstration of gonadorelin do?

A

Pulsatile administration stimulates the release of FSH and LH

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15
Q

when do you use gonadorelin?

A

in infertility

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16
Q

when are leuprolide, goserelin, buserelin used?

A

Prostate cancer

Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation for In Vitro Fertilization

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17
Q

What drugs are given in prostate cancer?

A

Leuprolide and Flutamide because they are androgen antagonist

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18
Q

what drug is used for treatment of Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation for In Vitro Fertilization?

A

Leuprolide

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19
Q

what drugs are for stimulating Gonadotropin Releasing Inhibiting Hormone?

A
  • Cetrorelix
  • Ganirelix
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20
Q

when do you use Cetrorelix, Ganirelix ?

A

for Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation: in vitro fertilization

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21
Q

what drugs work by stimulating Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone?

A

Bromocriptine, Cabergoline, Pergolide

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22
Q

what drugs inhibit prolactin?

A

Dopamine agonists

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23
Q

What will Bromocriptine, Cabergoline, and Pergolide do?

A
  • Decrease prolactin release
  • Increase GH in normal persons but decrease GH in patients with acromegaly
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24
Q

when do you want to use dopamine agonist drugs?

A

in Hyperprolactinemia, Acromegaly, Parkinsonism, suppression of lactation and breast engorgement

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25
how does oxytocin work?
causes milk ejection in lactating woman and stimulates uterine contractions
26
when is oxytocin used?
Induce uterine contractions during labor Prevent post-partum hemorrhage Milk let down reflex in nursing mothers
27
when is oxytocin contraindicated?
Contraindicated in fetal distress and cephalopelvic disproportion
28
what drugs work by stimulating vasopressin?
vasopressin and desmopressin
29
how does vasopressin and desmopressin work?
by stimulating V1 and V2 receptors V1 = blood vessels vasoconstrict V2 = antidiuretic
30
will desmopressin or vasopressin have more effect in V2 receptor?
desmopressin
31
when do you use desmopressin and vasopressin?
Neurogenic diabetes insipidus esophageal varices haemophilia
32
what are the natural estrogen drugs?
estradiol estrone estriol
33
what are the synthetic steroidal estrogen drugs?
ethinyl estradiol mestronol quinestrol
34
what are the Synthetic Non-Steroidal Estrogens?
diethyl stillbesterol
35
when do you use estrogen drugs?
Post-Menopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy For cardioprotection: * decrease LDL * increase HDL * increase coagulation (factors II, VII, IX, and X) * decrease anti-thrombin As a contraceptive: * thickens cervical mucus (hostile for sperm) * inhibits release of FSH and LH, inhibits ovulation * Uterine & tubal contractions: prevent fertilization * Endometrium: hypersecretory, no implantation
36
what are the side effects of using estrogen drugs?
vomiting migraine ↑ risk of endometrial carcinoma and breast carcinoma ↑ risk of myocardial infarction stroke gall stones pulmonary embolism
37
what drugs work as progesterone derivatives?
**Medroxy Progesterone Acetate**
38
how does medroxy progesterone acetate work?
it antagonizes the effect of estrogens on the lipids
39
what drugs act as 19-Nor-testosterone Derivatives?
Norethindrone, **Levonorgestrel**, **Desogestrel**, **Norgestimate**
40
19-Nortestosterone Derivative drugs have what actions?
* Antiovulatory action: used as oral contraceptives because of inhibition of ovulation by negative feedback on FSH and LH * Lower androgenic activity: do not antagonize the beneficial action of estrogens on lipid profile
41
when do you want to use Progesterone Derivatives 19-Nortestosterone Derivatives?
1. Post-Menopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy: to prevent endometrial cancer 2. contraceptives
42
what are signs of Progesterone Derivatives and 19-Nor-testosterone Derivatives toxicity?
* Breast engorgement * irregular bleeding * Decreased HDL levels: atherogenesis, more androgenic progestins, medroxyprogesterone
43
how will Progesterone Derivatives and 19-Nortestosterone Derivatives work as contraceptives?
1. inhibits release of FSH and LH inhibiting ovulation 2. Cervical mucus becomes thick & hostile for sperm 3. endometrium becomes hypersecretory
44
what drugs work as Anti-Estrogens?
1. Chlomiphene Citrate 2. Tamoxifen Citrate 3. Raloxifene 4. Toremifene
45
what drug is a pure estrogen antagonist?
chlomiphene
46
how does chlomiphene work?
it is a competitive antagonist in estrogen receptors in hypothalamus and pituitary
47
when is chlomiphene used?
Infertility due to anovulation. To aid in vitro fertilization
48
which anti-estrogens are SERM's?
Tamoxifene Citrate Raloxifene
49
for what is tamoxifene citrate used?
breast cancer
50
tamoxifene works as an antagonist of estrogen in what body structure? where will it act as an agonist?
breasts in bone and endometrium
51
when is raloxifene used?
in post-menopausal osteoporosis
52
what drug works as a anti-progestin?
mifepristone
53
when do we use mifepristone?
1. Post-Coital Contraceptive Effect 2. Termination of Early Pregnancy given with misoprostol
54
what is finasteride? what is it used for?
a 5-alpha reductase inhibiting drug used for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia
55
name 3 anabolic steroid drugs
1. Nandrolonedecanoate 2. Oxandrolone 3. Oxymetholone
56
what activity do anabolic steroids have?
High anabolic and low androgenic activity
57
when are anabolic steroids used?
1. Androgen Replacement therapy in hypogonadism 2. Chronic catabolic states: AIDS, chronic renal failure 3. Aplastic anemia 4. Osteoporosis 5. To enhance physical ability in athletes: abused
58
what effects can be seen with anabolic steroid toxicity?
1. Gynecomastia 2. hirsutism 3. acne 4. deep voice 5. cholestatic jaundice 6. hepatic carcinoma
59
what is Flutamide? what is it used for?
a androgen blocker ## Footnote used for Prostate Cancer along with Leuprolide (GnRH agonist, to decrease LH and testosterone secretion)
60
what is Finasteride? what is it used for?
5alpha-reductase inhibitor (inhibits conversion of testosteron to DHT) benign prostatic hypertrophy and male baldness
61
what are the 2 combined estrogen and progestin types of doses?
* Monophase: * fixed dose of estrogen and progestin * Biphasic: * fixed dose of estrogen * progestin is lowered in 2nd phase
62
What are the 3 Progesting Alone Preparations? also mention the drug name for each.
Oral: Norethindrone, Levonorgestrel Implants: Levonorgestrel Injectable: Medroxy Progesterone Acetate
63
Estrogen + Progestin or Progestin alone can lead to mild or moderate toxicities, what are these?
Mild: nausea, vomiting, muscle pain, headache Moderate: weight gain and acne, skin pigmentation

Pharm B3 (12 decks)

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