Endocrine Drugs ,Antibiotic Drugs ,Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards by Hazel Pagaduan

A chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates
the activity of certain cells or organs.

HORMONES

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Releases neurotransmitters Norepinephrine and Epinephrine

Adrenal Medulla

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Produces hormones called CORTICOSTERIODS

Adrenal Cortex

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Glucocorticoid-

Cortisone,
Hydrocortisone

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Glucocorticoid-

Cortisone,
Hydrocortisone

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Mineralocorticoid -

Aldosterone

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Gonadocorticoid-

Androgens

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Potent immunosuppressants used to prevent organ-transplant rejection

GLUCOCORTICOIDS

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Used to diagnose Cushing’s syndrome

Dexamethasone

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Impair the ability of
phagocytes and block
production of antibodies

IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE

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Produces Levothyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)

Regulates the rate of metabolism
, Growth and development

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one of the principal fuels used by our body
[broken down to ATP]

Glucose

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one of the principal fuels used by our body
[broken down to ATP]

Glucose

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gliclazide and tolbutamide

Short acting

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chlorpropamide, glibenclamide, glipizide

Longer acting

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Also known as prokaryotes which are
single-celled organisms that lack a true
nucleus and nuclear membrane

BACTERIA

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Substances that inhibit bacterial growth or kill
bacteria and other microorganisms

ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS

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Substances that inhibit bacterial growth or kill
bacteria and other microorganisms

ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS

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Equal to the sum of
the effects of two antibiotics

ADDITIVE EFFFECT

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occurs when
one antibiotic increases the effectiveness of
the 2nd drug

POTENTIATIVE EFFECT

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when two
drugs are used together, the desired effect
may be greatly reduced

ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT

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primarily effective against one type of
organism (selective)

NARROW SPECTRUM

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effective against gram-positive and gramnegative organisms

BROAD SPECTRUM

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once the MO is identified in the
lab, the antibiotic therapy is tailored by using the most narrow-spectrum, least toxic drug based on C&S results

DEFINITIVE THERAPY

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occurs when the antibiotics reduce or completely eliminate the normal bacterial flora

SUPERINFECTION

occurs when the antibiotics reduce or completely eliminate the normal bacterial flora

SUPERINFECTION

when signs and symptoms do not improve

SUBTHERAPEUTIC

when a drug selected is known to be the best drug that can kill the MO

EMPIRIC THERAPY

Have the broadest antibacterial actions of any antibiotics; Bactericidal and inhibit cell wall synthesis and are often reserved for complicated body cavity and connective tissue infections

CARBAPENEMS

R- I- P- E- S-

R-RIFAMPICIN I-ISONIAZID P-PYRAZINAMIDE E-ETHAMBUTOL S- STREPTOMYCIN

term used to described fungal infection

Mycosis

works by inhibiting DNA and RNA polymerase and raises the pH within the parasite which interferes with the parasite’s ability to metabolize and use erythrocyte’s hemoglobin

Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine; Mefloquine and Quinine

inhibit dihydrofolate reductase, enzyme needed for production of vital substances

Pyrimethamine

Binds and alters parasitic DNA

Primaquine

blocks ACh which results to paralysis of the worm

Pyrantel

potentiates CNS of the nematode leading to paralysis

Ivermectin

increases permeability of the cell membrane of the worm which causes dislodgement on the site of residence which they are then killed by the host

Praziquantel

destroys worm’s cytoplasm which immobilizes and kills the worm

Albendazole

destroys worm’s cytoplasm which immobilizes and kills the worm

Albendazole

inhibit helminth-specific enzyme

Thiabendazole

lactating women, children below 12y/o, eczematous rash

Amantadine

in general, severe allergy

Contraindications

renal toxicity and those receiving nephrotoxic drugs

Cidofovir

renal toxicity and those receiving nephrotoxic drugs

Cidofovir

high teratogenic potential

Ribavirin

STAGES OF HIV INFECTION

early, general symptoms of disease (lymphadenopathy with fever, rash, sore throat, night sweats, candidiasis. Patient is termed HIV positive. May still be able to seroconvert .CD4 cells begin to drop

Stage 2

severe symptoms, often leading to death – increasing destruction of helper T cells, decline in immune function. When CD4 drops to 200 cells/mm3 below, severe opportunistic infections and other system symptoms appear

Stage 4

moderate symptoms – infection progresses, and opportunistic infection begins

Stage 3

asymptomatic infection (Few weeks to months after exposure)

Stage 1

What are the GOALS OF HAART

1. Decrease viral load to undetectable levels 2. Preserve and increase number of CD4+ T cells 3. Prevent resistance 4. Have client in good clinical condition 5. Prevent secondary infections and cancers

what are the circulatory system has two primary functions

(1) delivery of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, electrolytes, and other essentials to cells and (2) removal of carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes from cells. In addition, the system helps fight infection

load against which a muscle exerts its force = arterial pressure that the left ventricle overcomes to eject blood

AFTERLOAD

determined by 1) myocardial contractility (force with which the ventricles contract), 2) cardiac afterload, 3) cardiac preload

STROKE VOLUME

amount of tension (stretch) applied to a muscle before contraction = force of venous return

PRELOAD

amount of tension (stretch) applied to a muscle before contraction = force of venous return

PRELOAD

controlled by the ANS

HEART RATE

Defined as a persistent systolic pressure of greater than 140mmHg and/or a diastolic pressure of greater than 90mmHg

HYPERTENSION

Defined as a persistent systolic pressure of greater than 140mmHg and/or a diastolic pressure of greater than 90mmHg

HYPERTENSION

amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle and measured in Lpm

CARDIAC OUTPUT

resistance to blood flow that is determined by the diameter of the blood vessels and vascular musculature

SVR

achieve a blood pressure of less than 140/90mmHg and for patients with hypertension and diabetes, less than 130/90mmHg

JNC 7

morbidities and impact of patient’s quality of life

Individualized considering co

Works along the carbonic anhydrase enzyme system in the proximal convoluted tubule Carbonic Anhydrase is needed to make hydrogen ions for the exchange of sodium and water

MOA

intense but subsides within 15 mins of rest or medication and caused mainly by atherosclerosis and can be triggered by exertion or stress (cold, emotions) and exacerbated by smoking, alcohol, coffee and some drugs.

Chronic Stable Angina

from spasms of the smooth muscle that surrounds the coronary arteries and occurs at rest without any triggers but usually occurring at the same time of day

Vasospastic Angina

early stage of progressive artery disease characterized by pain increasing in severity and frequency and may even occur at rest

Unstable Angina

potent vasoconstrictor and can prevent Na and water resorption causing diuresis

ACEI

potent vasodilator and decreases systemic vascular resistance

ARB

reduce/block SNS stimulation with cardioprotective quality

used as a topic anesthetic is with added epinephrine to control bleeding in the area. Never used intravenously

Lidocaine

used to treat cardiac conditions

Plain lidocaine solution

hemostatic drugs, promote blood coagulation

Anti-fibrinolytic

breaks down clots and thrombi that have already formed

Thrombolytic

breaks down clots and thrombi that have already formed

Thrombolytic

alter platelet function without preventing the platelets from working

Hemorrheologic

prevent platelet plugs from forming by inhibiting platelet aggregation

Antiplatelet

prevent platelet plugs from forming by inhibiting platelet aggregation

Antiplatelet

inhibit the action or formation of clotting factors and prevents clots from forming

Anti-coagulants

inhibit the action or formation of clotting factors and prevents clots from forming

Anti-coagulants

- inhibits cyclooxygenase in the platelet to prevent formation of TXA2 (thromboxane is an enzyme that causes vessels to constrict and platelets to aggregate)

ASPRIN

– inhibits ADP to prevent signal to aggregate and form a clot

CLOPIDOGREL

reduces viscosity of the blood by increasing the flexibility of the RBVs

* PENTOXYFYLLINE

reduces viscosity of the blood by increasing the flexibility of the RBVs

* PENTOXYFYLLINE

reduced platelet aggregation via inhibition of T3 Phosphodiesterase

CILOSTAZOL

reduced platelet aggregation via inhibition of T3 Phosphodiesterase

CILOSTAZOL

Endocrine Drugs ,Antibiotic Drugs ,Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

(86 cards)