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BIO 169 > Endocrine/Exocrine Part 1 > Flashcards

Endocrine/Exocrine Part 1 Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

Study of hormones is what?

A

Endocrinology

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2
Q

Means Secretion

A

Crine

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3
Q

Means to happen inside

A

Endo

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4
Q

What are the 3 functions of the Endocrine System?

A

1.) Regulate long term processes (Growth/Development/Reproduction)
2.) Chemical Messengers
3.) Works with nervous system to maintain homeostasis

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5
Q

Which system secretes products via ducts?

A

Exocrine

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6
Q

Which system has no ducts, releases product directly into the blood, releases products called hormones & circulates until they’ve reached their target?

A

Endocrine

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7
Q

What system is considered long-term regulation and uses chemical messengers?

A

Endocrine

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8
Q

How many types of communication are there and what are they?

A

4
1.) Direct
2.)Paracrine
3.) Endocrine
4.) Nervous

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9
Q

Which type of intercellular communication transfers between 2 adjacent cells of the same type?

A

Direct communication (2 cells/one unit)

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10
Q

Which intercellular communication is the MC? And allow cells to communicate with other cells of the same tissue?

A

Paracrine communication (same tissue)

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11
Q

Which intercellular communication releases chemicals into bloodstream via hormones, targets metabolic activities of tissues and organs, and targets cells?

A

Endocrine (far away)

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12
Q

What type of intercellular communication is ideal for crisis management, uses neurotransmitters, used only in the synaptic cleft, and is short lived?

A

Synaptic Communication (nerve- nerve, muscle, or gland)

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13
Q

What is they “key”?

A

Hormones that are released from secretory cells
circulate until it reached target cell

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14
Q

What is the “lock”?

A

Receptor on the target cell is the lock, hormone binds to receptor of target cells, “unlocking” the chemical message

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15
Q

What are the 4 common responses of the target cell?

A

1.) New Hormone
2.) New Enzyme (protein)
3.) increase/decrease rate of which and enzyme/protein is made
4.) Open/close gate (channel) in membrane

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16
Q

The following characteristics belong to what hormones:
-remain functional for < 1 hr
-diffuse out of bloodstream & bind to receptors on target cells
-Absorbed by cells of liver/kidneys
-WATER SOLUABLE (water flows free)
-USUALLY PEPTIDE HORMONES

A

Free hormone

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17
Q

The following characteristics belong to what kind of hormone:
-Usually thyroid/lipid hormone
-Remain in circulation longer

A

Bound hormone

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18
Q

How many, and what are the 3 classes of hormones?

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A

3
1.) Amino Acid derivatives (tyrosine/tryptophan)
2.) Peptide hormones (hormones from hypothal, heart, thymus, GI, pancreas)
3.) Lipid derivates (Eicosanoids/steroid hormones)

19
Q

What does tyrosine (AA derivates) make?

Study These Flashcards
A

-Dopamine (from levodopa- in brain/kidney)
-Epinephrine (adrenal medulla)
-Norepinephrine (adrenal medulla)
-Thyroid (made by thyroid gland)
DENT, DENT, DENT, DENT

20
Q

What 3 hormones that make up CATecholamines? (AA derviates)

Study These Flashcards
A

-Dopamine
-Epinephrine
-Norepinephrine

CATs hangout in the DEN

21
Q

How many, and what hormones make up Tryptophan (AA derivate)?

Study These Flashcards
A

-Melatonin (pineal gland)
-Serotonin (brain/gut)

Turn on the “phan” to go to bed after a happy day

MeSleepyandhappy

22
Q

How many, and what are the proteins called that make up Peptide Hormones? (PGS)

Study These Flashcards
A

2
1.) Glycoproteins
2.) Short polypeptides/small proteins

23
Q

What hormones is made as a prohormones (inactive), then is converted to active?

Study These Flashcards
A

Peptide Hormone

you’re tired then become PEPPED!

24
Q

What hormones make up Lipid Derivatives?

Study These Flashcards
A

1.) Eicosanoids
2.) Steroid Hormones

25
How many Eicosanoids (Lipid Derivates) are there? And what are they (LPTP)
4 1.) Leukotrienes-pro allergic (asthma/rhinities) 2. Prostaglandins- pain, menstural contractions (COX 1/2) 3.) Thromboxane- Vasoconstriction (pro blood clot) 4.) Prostacyclin-Vasodilation (prevents blood clots)
26
Steroids are lipid derivates. How many are there?
6 1.) Corticosteroids: made in adrenal gland 2.) Calcitriol: Kidneys 3.) Estrogen/Proesterone: Ovaries 4.)Testosterone: Testes 5.) Vitamin D 6.) Thyroid hormones: made from thyroid gland t3/t4
27
Absence of specific hormone triggers increase in number of hormone receptors for that hormone
Up-regulation
28
Overabundance of specific hormone Triggers decrease in number of receptors for hormone
Down-regulation =tolerance for drugs, insensitivity DM II
29
hormones binding to a receptor is called...
Hormone Receptor Complex (HRC)
30
On plasma membrane of target cell
Extracellular receptors
31
In cytoplasm or on DNA of target cell
Intracellular receptor
32
When a small number of first messengers cause thousands of second messengers to be made in the cell
Amplification
33
When single hormone causes the release of more than one type of second messenger in a series of linked reactions
Receptor cascade
34
Can enter cell cytoplasm or through nuclear envelope to DNA and create change
Lipid soluable hormones
35
Can enter cell cytoplasm or through nuclear envelope to DNA and create change
Lipid soluble hormones
36
Which type of receptor systems are intracellular, lipid soluble steroids, and can enter the bilayer directly to DNA?
Direct gene activation
37
Which type of receptor systems is extracellular, water soluble, and therefore cannot dissolve through the lipid bilayer?
Second messenger system
38
What are two examples of second messenger system?
1.) G-protein (glucagon receptor) 2.) Non-G linked receptors (insulin receptor)
39
The following characteristics are examples of what: -Made from cholesterol -Lipid soluble -Direct Gene Activation (binds to DNA directly) -Slower action & -Does not amplify (you get what you get)
Lipid Soluble Steroid Hormone
40
What are the 9 lipid-soluble steroid hormone list?
ALDOSTERONE Cortisol Androgens Testosterone Estrogens Progesterone Vitamin D Calcitriol Thyroid Hormone
41
Which hormone describes the following characteristics? -Water soluble -2nd Messenger System -Target cells have specific protein receptos embedded in plasma membrane -Fast acting Amplification- chain reaction
Water-soluble Non-steroid hormone (NSH)
42
What are the steps in a 2nd Messenger System?
-Free hormones binds to extracellular receptors -G Protein activated by HRC (Hormone receptor complex) -Adelante cyclase makes cAMP from ATP -cAMP becomes the second messenger -Protein kinase C removes a phosphate from ATP -Protein kinase C phosphorylates a protein -Ion channels open, or protein activated
43
What breaks/inactivates cAMP?
Phosphodiesterase
44
What two things can G-proteins do with calcium?
-Open calcium channels -Release calcium ions stored inside the cell

BIO 169 (12 decks)

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