Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrine FA 2016 306-310 > Endocrine FA 306-310 and neuro > Flashcards

Endocrine FA 306-310 and neuro Flashcards

1
Q

what is the site of a lingual thyroid?

A

Tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is thyrogolssal duct cyst?

A

anterior midline neck mass that moves with swallowing or protrusion of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mass located on the anterior border of the sternodocladomasotid muscle is from what embryonic derivative?

A

2-4 cleft form temporal cervical sinus of brachial cleft cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

bonus: what develops from the first cleft?

A

Ext Auditory meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

thyroid tissue is derived from

A

endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

C cells are derived from

A

Neural crest.

Note C-Cells is also called parafollicular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name the layers of the adrenal cortex

A

Glomerulosa Fasiculata Reticularis (GFR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what part in the endocrine system is chromatin cells from?

A

adrenal medulla (neural crest)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the primary Regulatory control of Glomerulosa

A

RAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the secretory product of the glomerulosa

A

Aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the primary regulatory control of the fasiculata and reticularis

A

ACTH, CRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

secretory product of fasiculata

A

cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

secretory product of reticularis

A

Androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) is from what embryonic origin

A

surface/oral ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) is derived from

A

neuroectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

list all the ant pituitary hormones

A

FLAT PiG & B(basophils)-FLAT ( pg 307 FA 2016)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

alpha subunit hormones is common to

A

FSH, LH, TSH & HCG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

B-subunit determines which of the following?

sensitivity, specificity, PPV or NPV

A

Specificity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Vasopressin (AKA ADH) is made from what nucleus in the brain?

A

SupraOptic nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Oxytocin is made from what nucleus in the brain?

A

Paraventricular nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what cell types are in the ISLet of Langerhans and what do they secret?

A 
Alpha= glucagon (periphery)
Beta= insulin (central) inside
delta= somatostatin (interspersed)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where does synthesis of insulin occur?

A

RER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what relationship between Insulin and C-peptide?

A

C-Peptide is increased in endogenous insulin production not exogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Name two scenarios in which insulin and C-peptide are increased

A

Insulinoma & Sulfornureas Use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Exogenous insulin have Cpeptide, True or False

A

false only endogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what receptor does insulin bind to?

A

tyrosine kinase receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what kind of transport is needed for inducing glucose uptake into insulin dependent tissues?

A

Carrier mediated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

List all functions of insulin

A 
increase glucose uptake into skeletal and adipose tissue
increase glycogen storage and synthesis
increase triglyceride synthesis
increase Na+ retention in kidneys
increase protein synthesis
increase cellular uptake of K+ & amino acid
decrease glucagon release
decrease lipolysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

does insulin cross the placenta?

A

No only glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are the insulin independent transporters and list examples.

A

GLUT 1- RBC, Brain cornea placenta
GLUT2- small intestine, Beta pancreatic cells, liver kidney
GLUT3- Brain Placenta
GLUT 4- Adipose tissue skeletal muscle
Glut 5- fructose, spermatocyte & GI tract

31
Q

what does the brain use as energy source during starvation

A

Ketones

32
Q

Can RBC use Ketones for energy & why?

A

NO only use glucose, RBC lack mitochondria for aerobic metabolism

33
Q

where do GLP 1 come from?

A

Meals

34
Q

what is the function of GLP1

A

increase beta sensitivity to glucose.

35
Q

what MOA of sulfonyureas

A

blocks K channel, causing influx of Ca2+ via voltage gated calcium channels, increasing insulin release

36
Q

what ratios are increased before closing K+ channels in beta cell of pancreas

A

increase ATP/ADP ratio

37
Q

what are the functions of glucagon?

A

Glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis lipolysis and ketone production

38
Q

what 3 things inhibit glucagon

A

Somatostatin, Insulin and hyperglycemia

39
Q

dopamine antagonist drugs eg antipsychotics causes———————- due to hyperprolactenemia

A

galactorrhea

40
Q

what inhibits prolactin

A

dopamine

41
Q

what GHRH analog drug is used to treat HIV associated lipodystrophy?

A

Tesamorelin

42
Q

prolactin suppresses ————— ?

A

GnRH

43
Q

Pulsatile GnRH leads to ————–& __________?

A

Puberty and fertility

44
Q

4 symptoms of Pituitary prolactinoma

A

galactorrhea, amenohrea, hypogonadism, osteoporosis

45
Q

Analog of somatostatin used to treat esophageal varices

A

Ocreotide

46
Q

Bonus: what else do ocreotide treat

A

carcinoid syndrome, acromegaly

47
Q

function of prolactin

A

stimulate milk production(hence Gallactorhe) in breast and inhibit ovulation (hence amnehorea) and inhibit spermatogenesis (hence decrease libido)

48
Q

how does prolactin inhibit its own secretion?

A

increase dopamine synthesis by stimulating the hypothalamus then causing excess dopamine to inhibit prolactin

49
Q

TX of hyperprolactinemia

A

dopamine agonist( bromocrptine and carbagobulin)

50
Q

what type of drugs stimulate prolactin secretion

A

dopamine antagonist ( antipsychotics) and estrogen (e.g OCPS & pregnancy)

51
Q

Bonus: Most common cause of gastroenteritis in developed countries

A

Norovirus (single stranded RNA virus)

52
Q

what induces the overlying ectoderm to differentiate into neuroectoderm and neural plate

A

notochord

53
Q

what gene is present in the notochord

A

sonic hedgehog

54
Q

notochord becomes ———– in adults

A

nucleus pulposus

55
Q

list the 3 major region that makes up the three primary vesicles of developing the brain

A

Forebrain,midbrain and hind brain

56
Q

what do the prosencephalon form

A

telencephalon and diencephalon

57
Q

what does telencephalon form

A

cerebral hemisphere and lateral ventricle

58
Q

what does diencephalon form

A

thalamus and 3rd ventricle

59
Q

what does the mesencephalon form

A

midbrain and aqueduct

60
Q

what does the rhombocephalon divide to

A

metencephalon and mylencephalon

61
Q

metencephalon forms

A

pons, cerebellum and upper part of 4th ventricle

62
Q

what does the mylencephalon form

A

medulla and lower part of fourth ventricle

63
Q

where do the microglia cells originate from

A

mesoderm

64
Q

failure of the bony spinal canal to close with the dura intact is associated with what pathology

A

spinal bifida occulta (tuft of hair)

65
Q

a spinal problem with normal AFP

A

spinal bifida occulta

66
Q

diff btw meningocele and meningomylocele

A

meningocele: meninges herniate only thru spinal canal
meninogemylocele: meninges and spinal card herniation

67
Q

frog like appearance with polyhydramnious and inc AFP

A

ananencephaly

68
Q

anencephaly is associated with what 2 complication

A

maternal diabetes type 1

maternal folate supplementation

69
Q

failure of left and right hemisphere to separate and what gene and disease is it associated with?

A

holopronscencephaly, sonic hedge hog gene and patau syndrome

70
Q

what is cyclopia

A

most severe form of holopronscencephaly

71
Q

lack of cerebral vermis and an cystic enlarged 4th ventricle? list 2 associations

A

Dandy walker

associated with hydrocephalus & spinal bifida

72
Q

what disease is associated with memningomylocele

A

arnold chiara type 2

73
Q

absence of cerebellum is seen in what disease

A

Dandy walker

Endocrine FA 2016 306-310 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions