Endocrine Gland Flashcards by Chubachuchu MD

Functions of the Endocrine gland(7)

Water Balance
Uterine Contraction and milk release
Growth, metabolism and tissue maturation
Ion regulation
Heart rate and blood pressure regulation
Blood glucose control 
Reproductive function control

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Another name of pituitary gland

Hypophysis cerebri

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Pituitary gland is connected by the infundibulum to the -?- of the brain

Tuber Cinerium

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Is a hollow eminence of gray matter situated between mammilary bodies and optic chiasma

Tuber Cinerium

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The tuber cinerium is part of the -?-

Hypothalamus

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Location of the pituitary gland

Hypophyseal fossa

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The deepest part of the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

Hypophyseal fossa

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Relations of the Pituitary gland: Superiorly, Inferiorly, Laterally and Posteriorly?

S: Diaphragm Sella
I: Sphenoid
L: Cavernous Sinus
P: Dorsum Sella, Vertebral Arteries and Pons

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2 parts of the pituitary gland and identify what lobe it is.

Adenohypophysis - Anterior Lobe

Neurohypophysis - Posterior Lobe

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True or False. Men have larger pituitary gland than women

False. Women have 20% bigger pituitary gland

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Pituitary Gland

Blood supply and Venous drainage

Superior and Inferior Hypophyseal Arteries of the ICA

Intercavernous sinus

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Two hormones produce by the neurohypophysis

Oxytocin and ADH

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It synthesizes and secretes certain neurohormones that either stimulate or inhibit the secretion of pituitary hormones

Hypothalamus

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Pineal gland/pineal body aka -?-

Epiphysis cerebri

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Small endocrine gland in the vertebrate vein

Pineal gland

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A endocrine gland that is tiny pine cone shaped. It also produces the serotonin derived melatonin

Pituitary gland

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Function of Melatonin

Modulation of the wake/sleep cycle

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Location of the Pineal Gland

Basal forebrain near the thalamus, between the superior colliculi and is attached by a stalk to the posterior wall of the third ventricle

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Two small glands that lie beneath the sphincter urethra muscle. Their ducts pierce the perineal membrane and enter the penile portion of the urethra. And located in the deep perineal pouch.

Bulbourethral glands

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The fluid excreted by bulbourethral glands is clear and thick and acts as

Lubricant

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Functions of lubricant excreted by the bulbourethral glands

Flashing agent that washes out the urethra before the semen is ejaculated
It also helps to make the semen less watery and to provide a suitable living environment for the sperm.

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Parts of the External Genitalia

mons pubis, labia minora and majora, hymen, clitoris, vestibule, urethra, Skene glands, greater vestibular (Bartholin) glands and vestibular bulbs

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Parts of the Internal Genitalia

Vagina, uterus, cervix, uterine tubes (oviducts or fallopian tubes), and ovaries

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Term applied to the female external genitalia

vulva

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Known as the Greater vestibular glands

Bartholin’s glands

Two pea sized glands located slightly posterior and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina. And located in the superficial perineal pouch.

Bartholin’s glands

This gland secrete mucus to lubricate vagina and are homologous to bulbourethral glands in males.

Bartholin’s gland

Two smaller hairless folds of soft skin that lie between the labia majora.

Labia minora

The posterior ends of labia minora are unite

Fourchette *Note: Anteriorly, they split to enclose the clitoris, forming an anterior prepuce and a posterior frenulum

Smooth triangular area bounded laterally by the labia minora, with the clitoris at its apex and the fourchette at its base.

Vestibule

Anterior relation of vagina

Bladder above and the urethra below

Posterior relation of vagina

- Upper third of vagina is related to the retrouterine pouch - its middle third to the ampulla of the rectum - Lower third is related to the perineal body which separates it from the anal canal

Lateral relation of vagina

- Upper part Ureter - Middle part is related to the anterior fibres of levator ani - Lower part is related to urogenital diaphragm and the bulb of the vestibule

Its a muscular tube that extends upward and backward from the vulva to the uterus.

Vagina

Part of the internal genitalia that measures about 3 inches long and has anterior and posterior wall.

Vagina

Functions of vagina

- produce the female egg cells which are essential for reproduction. Called as the OVA or OOCYTES. - transporting the ova to the exact fertilization site. - Producing female sex hormones which maintain the reproductive cycle.

Part of reproductive organ in females that in virgins, this is protected by a thin mucosal fold, the hymen which is perforated at the center.

Vaginal Orifice

Small orifices one in each side, found in the groove between the hymen and the posterior part of the labium minus

Orifices of the ducts of Greater Vestibular Glands

Female organ that is situated at the apex of the vestibule anteriorly. The glans of this organ is partly hidden by the prepuce.

Clitoris

Female organ that is rounded hair-bearing elevation of skin anterior to the pubis

Mons Pubis

Female organ that is prominent, hair bearing folds of skin extending posteriorly from the mons pubis to unite posteriorly in the midline

Labia Majora

Clitoral bulbs are two elongated masses of erectile tissue typically described as being situated on either side of the vaginal opening. They are united to each other in front by a narrow median board.

Vestibular bulbs

Fold/ membrane that surrounds or partially covers the external vaginal opening

Hymen

External urethral orifice

Urethra

Also known as the lesser vestibular glands, paraurethral glands

Skene glands

Glands that are located on the anterior wall of the vagina, around the lower end of the urethra. They drain into the urethra and near the urethral opening

Skene glands

Action of hormones secreted by pineal gland

inhibitory

two divisions of pituitary gland

Adenohypophysis & Neurohypophysis

give one hormone secreted by pineal gland

Melatonin

Action of melatonin

inhibit sexual development

Timing center for circadian rhythm

pineal gland

Enumerate the target organs of pineal gland

pituitary gland, Islet of langerhans (pancreas), parathyroid, adrenals, gonads

blood supply of pineal gland

Posterior choroidal artery

Venous drainage of pineal gland

Great Cerebral Vein

Inhibits secretion of melatonin

light

connects right and left lobe of thyroid glands

isthmus

band that connects the pyramidal lobe to the hyoid bone

glandulae thyroidea

Shape of lobes of the thyroid glands

pea-shaped

outer covering that tethers thyroid to the trachea

pretracheal layer of the deep cervical fascia

Superior thyroid artery branches out from ____?

External carotid artery

Superior thyroid artery is accompanied by ____?

External laryngeal nerve

Inferior thyroid artery directly branches out from ___?

Thyrocervical trunk (subclavian artery)

Accompanies inferior thyroid artery?

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Artery that ascends in front of the trachea to the isthmus

Thyroidea ima artery

Endocrine Gland Flashcards

(64 cards)