Endocrine & Lipids Flashcards
(26 cards)
Hypothyroidism
Low T3 and T4 Decreased metabolic rate (lethargy, inactivity, weight gain) Mild non-regen anemia (thyroid = EPO) Codocytes Hypercholesterolemia Hypertriglyceridemia
Hyperthyroidism
Cats Increased thyroid hormones Increased metabolic rate (weight loss***, polyphagia***, PU/PD) Mildly elevated PCV (thyroid = EPO) Heinz bodies Increased ALT and ALP Azotemia Proteinuria, UTI
Hyperadrenocorticism
Cushings
Increased cortisol (glucocorticoids)
CBC: Mildly increased PCV, strees leukogram
Chem: Increased ALP, ALT, Cholesterol, glucose
Decreased BUN
Proteinuria
“silent UTI”, dilute urine
Hypoadrenocorticism
Addisons Decreased cortisol AND aldosterone CBC: Mild anemia, increased PCV (dehydration), lacks a stress leukogram (A SICK ANIMAL SHOULD HAVE ONE!!) Azotemic Low Na, Cl, High K (decreased sodium to potassium ratio) Hypoglycemia Hypocholesterolemia Hypercalcemia Mild increase in hepatic enzymes Metabolic acidosis Hypoalbuminemia
Aldosterone
Promotes renal reabsorption of Na and excretion of K
Hyperaldosteronism
Older cats
Hypokalemia
Hypertension
Equine Cushing’s
Pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID)
Disease in pars intermedia resulting in increased released of POMC dervied peptides
pituitary problem
Clinical signs of equine cushings
Hirsutism (increased hair coat) Laminitis PU/PD Weight loss Sweating Abnormal fat distribution
Clinical pathology signs of equine cushings
CBC: anemia, stress leukogram
Chem: hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, increased liver enzymes
UA: glucosuria
or all could be normal
Acromegaly
Older cats (male)
Excess GH -> secretion of IGF-1
Weight gain, increased blood glucose
Hyperproteinemia
Diabetes mellitus
Insulin deficiency PU/PD, polyphagia, weight loss CBC: usually normal Chem: Hyperglycemia, glucosuria Hypercholesterolemia Elevated ALP Elevated ALT
Diabetic ketoacidosis
With diabetes
Increased mobilization of fats for energy -> ketones
Ketones cause acidosis
Ketones worsen osmotic diuresis and electrolyte depletion
Medullary washout
Not enough solute (Na, Urea) in the renal medulla for water to move back inside
Liver failure
Hypoadrenocorticism
Osmotic diuresis
Tubules contain lots of solute, so water doesn’t see a reason to move back inside
Diabetes mellitus
Causes of hypotriglyceridemia
Not of diagnostic relevance
Causes of hypertriglyceridemia
Post prandial Diabetes mellitus Glucocorticoid related Hypothyroidism Pacreatitis Breed related (schnauzer) NEB/dyslipidemias
Causes of hypercholesterolemia
Post prandial Diabetes mellitus Hyperadrenocorticism Hypothyroidism Cholestasis Pancreatitis Breed related Nephrotic syndrome
Causes of hypocholesterolemia
Malabsorption/maldigestion Decreased liver function or failure (PSS) Hypoadrenocorticism Snake envenomation Neoplasia
Ketone produced from lipid metabolism
B-hydroxybutyrate
Non-esterified fatty acids
also called Free fatty acids
increase with negative energy balance
Equine dyslipidemias
Abnormal amounts of circulating lipids
Due to disorder of lipid metabolism
Hyperlipidemia, hyperlipemia
Usually bc of insulin resistance causing NEB
Hyperlipidemia
blood does not appear lipemic
Hyperlipemia
blood appears lipemic
Hepatic lipidosis
Fats mobilized to livers can cause severe disease
