Endocrine Medications Flashcards
(24 cards)
Acarbose and Miglitol
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: contraindicated for pts with intestinal disease due to increased gas formation
Metformin considerations
Oral hypoglycemic med
Hold 48hrs before and after contrast is used or before procedure requiring NPO
Contraindicated in clients with severe infection, shock, and hypoxic conditions
Sitagliptin considerations
Oral hypoglycemic med
Use with caution if pt has impaired renal function, dose will be reduced
Repaglinide and Nateglinide action and considerations
Stimulates beta cells to release insulin, an Oral hypoglycemic med
Short-acting med, administer before each meal
High risk of hypoglycemia
Glipizide and glyburide action, and considerations
Promotes release of insulin from the pancreas, an oral hypoglycemic med
Can cause disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol ingestion
Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone considerations
Causes exacerbation of HF
Lispro
Type of insulin
Onset
Peak
Duration
Rapid acting
15-30 min
30 min - 2 1/2 hrs
3-6 hours
Regular insulin
Type of insulin
Onset
Peak
Duration
Short acting
30 min - 1 hr
1-5 hrs
6-10 hrs
NPH
Type of insulin
Onset
Peak
Duration
Intermediate
1-2 hrs
6-14 hrs
16-24 hrs
Insulin glargine
Type of insulin
Onset
Peak
Duration
Long-acting
70 min
No peak
24 hrs
Clients that take oral hypoglycemic meds my require insulin when…
- NPO status
- Pregnant
- Severe kidney or liver disease
- Oral agents are ineffective
- They need tx of hyperkalemia
Things to know about hypoglycemic agents
Only regular insulin can be given IV (only in NS)
Glargine should be administered at bedtime
Glucagon considerations
Glycemic agent for tx of severe hypoglycemia
DO NOT mix with sodium chloride or dextrose solutions
Can cause N/V and rebound hyperglycemia
Levothyroxine
Thyroid hormone given for hypothyroidism and myxedema coma
Should be taken EARLY in the morning
Over medication will look like S&S of hyperthyroidism
Methimazole
Thyroid hormone antagonist given for
Thyroid storm, hyperthyroidism, prethyroidectomy, or thyrotoxic crisis
Give w caution if pt has bleeding disorder, bone marrow depression, hepatic disease, or bleeding disorders
Discontinue prior to radioactive iodine reuptake testing
methimazole administation
Administer at the same time every day with meals
Increase fluids to 3L a day
Client should avoid OTC products with iodine
Med must be tapered off if discontinued
Glipizide and Glyburide contraindications and side effects
Contraindicated with Sulfa allergies, and alcohol
Side effects: photosensitivity and GI upset
Take 30 min before a meal
Over dose of Mthimazole signs
Periorbital edema, cold intolerance, mental depression
Somatropin
Anterior pituitary growth hormone med used for growth deficiencies and Turner’s syndrome
Desmopressin/Vasopressin
Posterior pituitary hormone/anti diuretic hormone
Can be given for cardiac arrest, Diabetes indipidus, Nocturnal enuresis, and Hemophilia (desmopressin)
Adrenal hormone replacement medications
Dexamethasone
Hydrocortisone sodium succinct
Fludrocortisone
Prednisone
Used for Addison disease, inflammation, allergic reactions, and cancer
Side effects of repaglinide
Angina
Repaglinide
Take med 3x a day and eat within 30 min of taking medication
Metformin side effects
GI upset, metallic taste, lactic acidosis
