Endocrine Metabolism

Question 1

(2) organs that control the body’s fuel supply

Answer 1

liver & endocrine pancreas

Question 2

liver regulates blood glucose via (3)

Answer 2

glycogenesis
glycogenolysis
gluconeogenesis

Question 3

glycogenesis:

Answer 3

glucose converts to glycogen (stored)

Question 4

glycogenolysis:

Answer 4

glycogen converting to glucose (body needs it, liver releases it)

Question 5

gluconeogenesis:

Answer 5

breakdown of non-carbohydrate substances into glucose (ie. protein into AAs)

Question 6

fats

Answer 6

liver converts excess fat into ketones and releases them into the blood; in situations that favour fat breakdown, excess ketones in the blood cause ketoacidosis

Question 7

proteins

Answer 7

broken down into AAs; proteins can be used for gluconeogenesis when metabolic needs exceed food intake

Question 8

pancreas: acini cells

Answer 8

secrete digestive juices into the duodenum

Question 9

pancreas: islets of langerhans

Answer 9

secrete 3 hormones that regulate blood glucose levels

Question 10

pancreas: alpha cells secrete

Answer 10

glucagons

Question 11

pancreas: beta cells secrete

Answer 11

insulin

Question 12

pancreas: delta cells secrete

Answer 12

somatostatin

Question 13

close proximity permits

Answer 13

coordination (ie. insulin inhibits glucagon release and somatostatin ibhibits both insulin and glucagon release

Question 14

transports and metabolizes glucose for energy

Answer 14

beta cells

Question 15

stimualtes storage of lucose in the liver&muscles

Answer 15

beta

Question 16

signals liver to stop the release of glucose

Answer 16

beta

Question 17

enhances storage of dietary fat in adipose tissue

Answer 17

beta

Question 18

accelerates transport of AAs (from dietary protein) into cells

Answer 18

beta

Question 19

inhibits breakdown of stored glucose/protein/fat

Answer 19

beta

Question 20

released after carb ingestion

Answer 20

insulin (3-5 min peak)

Question 21

binds to cell receptors/receptors on the surface of target tissues

Answer 21

insulin

Question 22

decreases blood glucose

Answer 22

insulin

Question 23

enhances AA transport into cells

Answer 23

insulin

Question 24

acts with growth hormone to promote cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia

Answer 24

insulin

Question 25

released when blood glucose drops

Answer 25

glucagon (alpha)

Question 26

glucagon (alpha) acts on liver to raise blood glucose via (3)

Answer 26

glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis & ketogenesis

Question 27

ketogenesis

Answer 27

production of ketone bodies

Question 28

released after eating to inhibit release of insulin & glucagon

Answer 28

somatostatin (delta)

Question 29

delays nutrient absorption by the GI tract

Answer 29

somatostatin (delta)