Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clinical Pathology > Endocrine Pancreas > Flashcards

Endocrine Pancreas Flashcards

(49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What do the alpha cells secrete?

A

Glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do the beta cells secrete?

A

Insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do the delta cells secrete?

A

Somatostatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which portion of the pancreas contains the endocrine cells?

A

Islet of Langerhans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 2 main functions of the endocrine pancreas?

A
  1. Regulation of metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
  2. Growth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the stimulus for glucagon release?

A

Low blood glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the net effect of glucagon release?

A

Increase in blood glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the stimulus for insulin release?

A

High blood glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the net effect of insulin release?

A

Decreased blood glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do the F cells of the endocrine pancreas produce?

A

Pancreatic polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the “storage” hormone?

A

Insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Insulin promotes the uptake of what 3 things?

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Amino acids
  3. Free fatty acids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Insulin (increases or decreases) lipogenesis.

A

Increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Insulin (increases or decreases) lipolysis.

A

Decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Insulin (increases or decreases) glycogen synthesis.

A

Increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Insulin (increases or decreases) gluconeogenesis.

A

Decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Insulin (increases or decreases) glycogenolysis.

A

Decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Insulin (increases or decreases) protein synthesis.

A

Increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Insulin (increases or decreases) proteolysis.

A

Decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the effects of glucagon?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Increase gluconeogenesis
  2. Increase glycogenolysis
  3. Decrease insulin release
  4. Increase lipolysis
  5. Increase ketogenesis
21
Q

What are the effects of catecholamines?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Decrease insulin release
  2. Increase gluconeogenesis
  3. Increase glycogenolysis
22
Q

What are the effects of steroids?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Decrease activity of insulin receptors

2. Increase gluconeogenesis

23
Q

What are the effects of somatostatin?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Decrease insulin release
24
Q

What are the effects of growth hormone?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Decrease activity of insulin receptors
  2. Increase gluconeogenesis
  3. Decrease glucose uptake
25
What is the "starvation" hormone?
Glucagon
26
Which has a greater [glucose] percentage, serum and/or plasma or whole blood?
Serum/plasma [glucose] 10-20% > whole blood [glucose]
27
What are the causes of hyperglycemia?
1. Post-prandial 2. Stress 3. Catecholamine surge 4. Diabetes mellitus 5. Hyperadrenocorticism 6. Pheochromocytoma 7. Agromegaly 8. Sepsis (early phase) 9. Drug induced
28
What are the causes of hypoglycemia?
1. Artifact (sits out too long) 2. Sepsis (late phase) 3. Pregnancy/lactation 4. Extreme exertion 5. Neoplasia 6. Insulinoma 7. Insulin overdose 8. Xylitol 9. Hepatic insufficiency 10. Neonate 11. Starvation 12. Hypoadrenocorticism
29
What are the 2 factors on which [fructosamine] depends?
1. Average [glucose] over the past 2-3 weeks | 2. [Albumin]
30
How would you interpret a HIGH [fructosamine]?
Persistent hyperglycemia: 1. Diabetes mellitus 2. Hypothyroidism
31
How would you interpret a LOW [fructosamine]?
Persistent hypoglycemia: 1. Hyperthyroidism 2. Hypoproteinemia 3. Insulinoma
32
What are the 2 factors on which [glycosylated hemoglobin] depends?
1. Average [glucose] over the past 2-3 months | 2. RBC half-life
33
How would you interpret a HIGH [glycosylated hemoglobin]?
Persistent hyperglycemia: 1. Diabetes mellitus
34
How would you interpret a LOW [glycosylated hemoglobin]?
Persistent hypoglycemia: 1. Insulinoma 2. Accelerated RBC destruction
35
What are the 3 components of diabetes mellitus?
1. Osmotic diuresis 2. Ketoacidosis 3. Hyperosmolar syndrome
36
Describe the progression of diabetes mellitus from a mild clinical disease to a severe clinical disease:
1. Osmotic diuresis 2. Ketogenesis 3. Acidemia 4. Hyperosmolar syndrome
37
What are the 3 main clinical signs for diabetes mellitus?
1. PU/PD 2. Polyphagia 3. Weight loss
38
What are the clinical signs of advanced diabetes mellitus?
1. Cataracts 2. Neuropathy 3. Vomiting, diarrhea 4. Coma
39
With diabetes mellitus, the main laboratory abnormalities include persistent fasting ____ and ____.
Hyperglycemia and glucosuria
40
An insulinoma is a functional ____-cell tumor.
Beta
41
A glucagonoma is a functional ____-cell tumor.
Alpha
42
With an insulinoma, you would have persistent hypoglycemia or persistent hyperglycemia?
Persistent hypoglycemia
43
With a glucagonoma, you would have persistent hypoglycemia or persistent hyperglycemia?
Persistent hyperglycemia
44
Which dogs are predisposed to insulinomas?
Large dog breeds: Goldens, Labs, German Shepherds, and Poodles
45
What is the most common tumor of ferrets and at what age would you expect to see this?
Insulinoma Mean age of 4 years old
46
What are the 3 clinical signs associated with an insulinoma?
1. Weakness 2. Lethargy 3. Neurological deficits
47
With an insulinoma, a patient's glucose levels would be ____ and their insulin levels would be ____.
Glucose = low Insulin = high (insulinoma is autonomously secreting insulin)
48
What 2 lesions might you see on imaging if you have diagnosed an insulinoma?
1. Pancreatic mass (25-90%) | 2. Hepatic mets (35-50%)
49
What is the distinguishing clinical sign associated with a glucagonoma?
Superficial necrolytic dermatitis

Clinical Pathology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions