Endocrine Pharm Flashcards
Rapid Acting Insulin (names, action, toxicity)
Lispro Aspart Glulisine
bind insulin R (tyrosine kinase)
SE: hypoglycemia
Metformin (action, toxicity)
dec gluconeogenesis, inc glycolysis, inc peripheral glucose uptake (insulin sensitivity)
SE: GI upset, lactic acidosis (don’t use in renal failure)
Sulfonylureas (mechanism, names, 1st vs 2nd gen, SE)
close K+ channel in B-cell membrane so depolarize and release insulin via inc Ca+ releas
1st gen “-amide” - Tolbutamide, Chlorpropamide
SE: disulfiram-like effects
2nd gen “Gl–ide” - glyburide, glumepiride, glipizide
SE: hypoglycemia
Glitazones (name, mechanism, SE)
Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone
inc insulin sensitivity by activating PPAR-gamma nuclear transcription regulator
SE: weight gain, edema, hepatotoxicity, heart failure
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (names, mechanism, SE)
acarbose, miglitol
inhibit intestinal brush-border a-glucosidases –> decrease postprandial hyperglycemia
SE: GI disturbance
Amylin analogs (name, mechanism, SE)
Pramilintide
dec gastric emptying and glucagon
SE: hypoglycemia, N/D
GLP-1 analogues (name, mechanism, SE)
Exenatide, Liraglutide
inc insulin, dec glucagon release
SE: N/V, pancreatitis
DDP-4 inhibitors (name, mechanism, SE)
LInagliptin, Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin
inc insulin, dec glucagon release
SE; mild urinary or respiratory infections
methimazole (action, toxicity)
for hyperthyroidism
block thyroid peroxidase, inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis
SE: skin rash, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, teratogen
Propylthiouracil (action, toxicity)
for hyperthyroidism
block thyroid peroxidase, inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis; also block 5’-deiodinase that dec peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
SE: skin rash, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, hepatotoxicity
Thyroxine replacement (name, SE)
Levothyroxine, triiodothyronine
SE: tachycardia, heat intolerance, tremors, arrhythmias
Somatostatin (octreotide) use
block GH, inhibit intestinal and pancreatic secretion and causes vasoconstriction
use: acromegaly, carcinoid, gastrinoma, glucagonoma, esophageal varices
Demeclocycline use and SE
ADH antagonist
used in SIADH
toxicity: nephrogenic DI, photosensitivity, abnormalities of bone and teeth
Glucocorticoids (name, use, mechanism, toxicity)
hydrocortinsone, prednisone, fludrocortisone (mineralcorticoid and glucocorticoid)
mechanism: metabolic, catabolic, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive
use: addison’s, inflammation, immune suppression, asthma
SE: iatrogenic CUshings
if drug stopped to fast after chronic use –> adrenal insufficiency
Long acting Insulin names
Glargine, Detemir
