Endocrine Pharmacology (all) I Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Endocrine Pharmacology (all) I Deck (23)
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1
Q

Describe the general treatment strategy for patients with DM type I.

A

Low sugar diet, insulin replacement (p.305)

2
Q

Describe the general treatment strategy for patients with DM type II.

A

Dietary modification and exercise for weight loss, oral hypoglycemics, insulin replacement (p.305)

3
Q

What are the three rapid-acting insulins?

A

Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine (p.305)

4
Q

Which insulin is short acting?

A

Regular insulin (p.305)

5
Q

Which insulin is intermediate acting?

A

NPH (p.305)

6
Q

Which insulins are long acting?

A

Glargine and Detemir (p.305)

7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the Insulin drug class?

A

Binds the insulin receptor (tyrosine kinase activity) (p.305)

8
Q

What effect does the insulin drug class have on the liver?

A

Increases glucose stored as glycogen (p.305)

9
Q

What effect does the insulin drug class have on muscle?

A

Increases glycogen and protein synthesis; K+ uptake (p.305)

10
Q

What effect does the insulin drug class have on fat?

A

Aids TG storage (p.305)

11
Q

What are the five clinical uses of insulin drugs?

A

Type I DM, Type II DM, gestational diabetes, life threatening hyperkalemia, stress induced hyperglycemia (p.305)

12
Q

What are the toxicites associated with insulin drugs?

A

Hypoglycemia; very rarely hypersensitivity reactions (p.305)

13
Q

What drug class does metformin belong to?

A

Biguanides (p.305)

14
Q

Name the biguanide class drug(s).

A

Metformin (p.305)

15
Q

What is the mechanism of action of metformin?

A

Exact mechanism is unknown (p.305)

16
Q

How does metformin affect glucose metabolism?

A

Increases glycolysis, decreases gluconeogenesis, increases peripheral glucose uptake (insulin sensitivity) (p.305)

17
Q

What is the clinical use for metformin?

A

First line therapy in patients with type 2 DM (p.305)

18
Q

How is metformin administered?

A

PO (p.305)

19
Q

Can metformin be used in patients without islet cell function?

A

Yes (p.305)

20
Q

What are the toxicites associated with metformin?

A

GI upset, lactic acidosis (p.305)

21
Q

When is metformin contraindicated?

A

In renal failure (lactic acidosis) (p.305)

22
Q

Name the first generation sulfonylureas.

A

Tolbutamide, Chlorpropamide (p.305)

23
Q

Name the second generation sulfonureas.

A

Glyburide, Glimepiride, Glipizide (p.305)