Endocrine & Repro Flashcards by Katherine Pivacco

What gland or organ makes up the Endocrine system?

adrenals, pituitary, thyroid, ovaries, testicles, kidneys, pancreas

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What is the endocrine system composed of?

Ductless glands that secrete chemical messengers called hormones

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_____ are chemical substances produced by cells in one part of the body and transported to another part of body where they influence _____ _____.

Hormones

Cellular activity

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T or F
The endocrine system and nervous system make up two major control mechanisms if the body and linked together through the complex integrating action of the hypothalamus

True

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The endocrine system and _____system make up the two major control ______ of the body and are linked together through the complex integrating action of the____.

Nervous
Mechanisms
Hypothalamus

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Hormones are generally administered to animals for two reasons

1) to correct a dificiency of that hormone

2) to obtain a desired effort

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Hormones that are administered to an animal are called—– hormones

Exogenous

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Hormones produced naturally in the body are called _____ hormones.

Endogenous

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Hormones that are admin to an animal are called _____ hormones whereas those produced naturally in the body are called ______ hormones.

Exogenous

Endogenous

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Which gland is called the master gland?

Pituitary

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Why is the pituitary gland called the master gland of the endocrine system?

Because of the control it exerts over the regulation of this system.

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Pituitary gland is controlled by _____.

Hypothalamus

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Where is the pituitary located?

At the base of the brain just ventral to the hypothalamus and is connected to the brain by a stalk.

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How is the pituitary gland connected to the brain?

By a stalk

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Pituitary is located at the base of the brain just _____ to the hypothalamus.

Ventral

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The pituitary is divided into two main lobes:

1) anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)

2) posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)

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Where does the anterior lobe arise from?

Embryo logic pharynx

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Where does the posterior lobe arise from?

Brain

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Anterior lobe or ______ is ______ hormones and _____ acting.

Adenohypophysis
Tropic
Indirect

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Posterior lobe or _____ is _____ acting

Neurohypophysis

Direct

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How does the hypothalamus exert control over the anterior pituitary?

Through the transport of releasing hormones, or factors, down the hypophyseal portal system.

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In the anterior pituitary the factors release causes the secretion of ____ hormones into the circulation

Tropic

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Tropic hormones produced by the anterior pituitary:

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Prolactin (LTH) and
Growth hormone (GH or somatotropin )

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The tropic hormones are sometimes called _____ acting hormones

Indirect

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Why are TSH, ACTH, LH,FSH, LTH, and GH called indirect acting hormone? They are tropic hormones *

Because the cause their target organ to produce a second hormone, which in turn influences a second target organ or tissue.

Hormones of the posterior pituitary are?

Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin

T or f hormones of the posterior pituitary are vasopressin and oxytocin?

True

The hormones of the posterior pituitary are called indirect acting hormones?

False direct acting hormones

The hormones of the posterior pituitary are called direct acting hormones because they produce the desired activity _____ in the target _____.

Directly | Organ

Anterior lobe TSH stimulates ____ to produce T3/T4

Thyroid

TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone) | stimulates thyroid to produce ______.

T3/T4

Anterior lobe FSH stimulates ______ follicle growth and spermatogenesis

Ovarian

T or f | FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone) stimulates ovarian follicle growth and spermatogenesis

Anterior lobe LH stimulates _____ and ______ production

Ovulation | Testosterone

Anterior lobe GH ( growth hormone) accelerates body growth and increases _____ ______

Milk production

What does GH do?

Accelerates body growth and increase milk production

Anterior lobe ACTH (adrenocortcotropic hormone) stimulates production of____ by _____ cortex

Corticosteroids | Adrenal

T or F | ACTH stimulates production of corticosteroids by adrenal cortex

Posterior lobe OXYTOCIN stimulate _____ contraction and milk letdown

Uterine

OXYTOCIN stimulated uterine contraction and ____ ______

Milk letdown

Posterior lobe ADH stimulates ----- retention

Water

Does ADH stimulate water retention?

Yes

Feedback mechanism T or f The plasma level of a particular hormone controls the activity of the gland that produces it

Feedback mechanism The ____ level of a particular hormone controls the ____ if the gland that produces it

Plasma | Activity

Feedback can be

Negative | Positive

Negative feedback : high plasma levels of a hormone are sensed by the _____ which than reduces the amount of the appropriate ______ factor ( hormone)

Hypothalamus | Releasing

T or f Negative feedback a decreased amount of releasing factor reduces the amount of tropic hormones released by the pituitary causing less activity in the organ

Negative feedback the overall effect is to _____ the amount if hormone in the _____

Lower | Plasma

Negative feedback high plasma levels of a hormone are sensed T or f

Negative feedback is the overall effect is lower the amount of hormone in the plasma Y or n

Positive feedback | Is high or low levels of hormone sensed by the hypothalamus?

Low

Positive feedback Low levels of a hormone are sensed by the hypothalamus and release of the appropriate releasing factors Decrease or increases

Increases

Positive feedback Increase amounts of the corresponding tropic hormone are secreted causing activity in the target organ and a corresponding _____ in plasma levels of the hormone

Rise

In positive feedback low levels of a hormone are sensed by the hypothalamus and release of the appropriate releasing factors increase T or f

Positive feedback Increased amounts of the corresponding _____ hormone are secreted causing activity in target organ and corresponding _____ in plasma levels of hormone

Tropic | Rise

Neurohormonal reflex applies to the release if _____ by the posterior pituitary

Oxytocin

How can the neurohormonal reflex be initiated?

By stimulating of the udder by a nursing calf Preparation of the udder for milking Stimulation of the uterus and vagina in parturition Stimulation of the cerebral cortex by sensory stimuli associated with nursing or milking

Reproductive system | The four stages of reproductive cycle (estrus)

1) proestrus 2) estrus 3) diestrus 4) anestrus

Name the two phases that the cycle can be divided into?

Follicular phase | Literal phase

In the follicular phase the cycle is under the influence of ____ produced by a developing ____ .

Estrogen | Follicle

Which phase, follicle or literal, is under the influence of estrogen produced by a developing follicle?

Follicular

In the literal phase the cycle is under the influence of _____ made by the corpus luteum

Progesterone

Where is control of the reproductive system coordinated?

In the hypothalamus

Control of the reproductive system is coordinated In the ____ where the ______ releasing hormone (GnRH)is produced in response to various _____

Hypothalamus Gonadotropin Stimuli

The various stimuli that produces GnRH are

Day and night length ( photoperiod) Pheromones Positive and negative internal feedback mechanisms

What does GnRH cause the release of

FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary

T or f | GnRH causes the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary

What does FSH cause the growth and maturation of?

A follicle which begins to produce increasing amounts of estrogens as it matures

FSH causes growth and maturation of a follicle which begins to produce increasing amounts if _____ as it matures

Estrogen

______ causes changes that occur in proestrus and estrus

Estrogen

Estrogen causes changes in _____ and _____.

Proestrus | Estrus

The follicle also produces ____ which along with estrogen serves as negative feedback to _____ to inhibit release of GnRH

Inhibin | Hypothalamus

____release cause ovulation of the mature follicle and the formation of corpus luteum in its place

LH ( luteinzing hormone)

LH release causes _____ of the mature follicle

Ovulation

LH release causes ovulation of the mature follicle and the formation of ____ luteum in its place

Corpus

After LH release and formation of corpus liteum it signals the beginning of _____and the beginning of the ____ phase of cycle

Diestrus | Luteal

T or f The corpus luteum produces progesterone which the uterus for pregnancy

The corpus luteum produces ____ which prepares the uterus for pregnancy

Progesterone

Once pregnancy occurs, the corpus luteum maintains a uterine envy conducive to normal progression of the pregnancy T or f

Progesterone levels in the blood serve as _____ feedback to prevent release of ____ and the development of new follicles during pregnancy

Negative | GnRH

____level in the blood serve as negative feedback to prevent the release of GnRH

Progesterone

When the gestation period is at the end the fetus produces increasing amounts of ____

ACTH (adrenocortcotropic hormone)

When does the fetus produce an increasing amount of ACTH

When the gestation period is near the end

When the fetus produces increasing amount of ACTH it causes an increase amount of ____ to be produced by the adrenal gland

Cortisol

Increased cortisol levels result in increased production of ____ and ____ by the uterus

Estrogen | Prostaglandin

Estrogen and progstaglandin sensitize the uterus to the contraction producing effects of ______ and allows parturition to begin

Oxytocin

What causes the breakdown(lysis) of the corpus luteum at the end of pregnancy and end of diestrus if pregnancy doesn't occur

Prostaglandin

What is the reason for use of hormonal drugs

``` Synchronization of estrus Suppression of estrus Induction of estrus Treatment of cystic ovaries Termination of pregnancy ```

Name 5 hormonal drugs

``` Gonadotropins Estrogens Androgens Prostaglandin Progestin a ```

Gonadotropin are drugs that are similar to _____, _____,______.

GnRH LH FSH

Gonadotropin causes release of____, ____.

LH | FSH

FSH that's released by Gonadotropin causes what to grow and mature in females? And what in males

Ovarian follicle in females | Spermatogenesis in males

In Gonadotropin LH causes____ in females and production of ____ in males

Ovulation | Testosterone

_____causes ovulation in females and production of testosterone in males

_____is a group of hormones synthesized by the ovaries and less extent the testicles, adrenal cortex and placenta

Estrogens

What is estrogens classified as?

Sex steroids

Which hormonal drug is classified as a sex steroids?

Estrogens

Estrogen is necessary for normal growth and development of the female ______.

Gonads

Name three things that estrogen does

Inhibit ovulation Increase uterine tone Cause proliferation of the endometrium

What is estrogen clinical used in dogs used for?

Induce abortion | Control urinary incontinence

List the side effects of estrogen

Prolonged estrus Serve anemia Genital irritation Follicular cysts

Which drug has the side effect of serve anemia and prolonged estrus?

Estrogen

Where is the male sex hormone androgen found?

Testicles Ovaries Adrenal cortex Question should say produce not found

Which hormonal drug is necessary for growth and development of male sex organs?

Androgens

Androgens causes secondary male sex characteristics | T or f

Androgen promotes tissue anabolism, weight gain , and ____ formation

rbc

_____ products are C-111 controlled substances

Testosterone

Testosterone products are ______ controlled substance

C-111

____are similar to progesterone and are produced by corpus luteum

Progestins

What does Progestins do

Cause increase secretions by the endometrium Decreased motility in the uterus Increased secretory development in mammary glands

Which hormonal drug is similar to progestrone

Progestin

Which hormonal drug suppresses estrogen and treats false pregnancy

Progestins

What is Progestins clinically used for?

To suppress estrus Treat false pregnancy Behavioral disorders Progestin responsive dermatitis

Prostaglandins consists of a group of naturally occurring long chain ____acids

Fatty

What is the primary use of prostaglandins

Regulation of activity in and treatment of conditions of the female reproductive tract

T or f Of the six classes ( A B C D E F) only prostaglandin F2alpha has significance

_____causes lysis of the corpus luteum, contraction of uterine muscle, and relaxation of the cervix

F2alpha

What does lysis of the corpus luteum results in a decline of?

Plasma level of progesterone and through the negative feedback mech. Initiates a new estrous cycle

What does lysis of the corpus luteum result in through negative feedback mech.

A new estrous cycle

What are drugs that affect uterine contractility used for?

Used during pregnancy to cause an abortion At term to induce parturition Aid in the delivery of the fetus or placenta Cause involution of the uterus after delivery

What should you always do before drugs that affect uterine contraction are administered?

Ensure that the cervix is dilated

Uterine contractility drugs:

Oxytocin Ergot Prostaglandins Corticosteroids

Which uterine contractility drug is a polypeptide made in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary

Oxytocin

Where is oxytocin released from?

From the reproductive tract or mammary gland

Which hormone causes strong uterine contractions by increasing the contractility of uterine myofibrils?

Oxytocin

How does oxytocin cause strong uterine contractions?

By increasing the contractility of uterine myofibrils

How is oxytocin used clinically?

Cause more forceful uterine contractions as an aid in delivery of the fetus To assist in delivery of the placenta Cause uterine involution Reduce bleeding of the uterus after delivery

When should you only use oxytocin

When the cervix is sufficiently dilated and when it can be determined that the fetus can be delivered normally through the pelvic canal

Which hormone is responsible for milk letdown from the mammary glands

Oxytocin

How is the drug oxytocin released?

Endogenously after stimulation of the udder | Response to environmental stimuli such as sound of milking machines

Which uterine drug is a fungus that grows on rye grass

Ergot

_____ causes smooth muscle contraction and intense vasoconstriction

Ergot

What can occur if vasoconstriction is serve enough Ergot

Gangrene | Sloughing

______ stimulate uterine smooth muscle and can be used to induce parturition or abortion

Progstaglandin

Which is a group of hormones comprised by the adrenal cortex and used for their anti inflammatory effect but can cause induction of parturition in the last trimester of pregnancy

Corticosteroids

_____odors released by animals that influence the behavior of other animals of the same species.

Pheromones

What is the analog of the feline facial pheromone

Feliway

Pheromone (Feliway) labeled for use in stopping or preventing ____ marking and to comfort cat in unknown environment

Urinary

Example in dog pheromone

DAP or dog appeasing hormone

What is DAP what does it do

Dog appeasing hormone mimics appeasement pheromone which female dogs secrete to comfort nursing puppies

What does DAP label indicate

Used to calm dogs during thunderstorms Fireworks Visit by strangers Or move to new environment

Feliway is labeled to:

Prevent urinary markings | Comfort cat in unknown environment

______ hormone is made up of two lobes on either side of the trachea located near the thyroid cartilage of the larynx

Thyroid

What are the thyroid hormones composed of

Composed of follicles

When thyroid hormone gets stimulation by TSH from the anterior pituitary it produces what?

Two metabolically active hormones

What are the two abnormalities of thyroid function

Hypo and hyperthyroidism

What events does thyroid hormones control?

Metabolic rate Growth and development Body temp Heart rate skin condition resistance to infection

____is considered to be the active form of thyroid hormones at the cellular level

What is partially converted to T3 after release

T4 aka thyroxine

What animal is hypothyroidism most often found in?

Dogs

How is hypothyroidism is characterized by:

Lethargy Cold intolerance Dry hair coat Bradycardia

Hyperthyroidism is most often in what animal

Older cats

Characteristics of hyperthyroidism

``` Weight loss Increased appetite Restlessness Hyper excitability Tachycardia ```

What are some drugs used to treat hypothyroidism

Levothyroxine sodium T4 Ex. Soloxine 2) liothyronine sodium Thyroid stimulating hormone TSH

Treatment of hypothyroidism consists of ______ of thyroid hormones on a daily basis

Supplementation

Do clinal signs of hypothyroidism usually resolve within a short time of treatment, but lifelong therapy is required? Y or n

Hyperthyroidism treatment is directed at lowering blood levels of __ and ___

T3 | T4

To treat hyperthyroidism you should destroy or remove overproducing thyroid gland or block hormone production T or f

Is drug therapy to block hormones in hyperthyroidism curative

No it's continuous

Some drugs to treat hyperthyroid are

``` Methimazole aka tapazole Carbimazole Ipodate Propylthiouracil Radioactive iodine Propanolol ```

Radioactive iodine aka I-131 is given ___ to destroy over productive thyroid tissue

How many times can radioactive iodine be performed? What animal

Once cat

Another name for hyperadrenocortism

Cushing's syndrome

What is the most common diagnosed endocrine disorders in dogs and horses?

Hyperadrenocortism ( Cushing syndrome )

Why do signs of hyperadrenocortism occur

Because of an excess of circulating glucocorticoid especially cortisol

_____ is an hormone produced in the cortex of the adrenal gland helps the body respond to stress and prepare the body for fight or flight

Cortisol

Two forms of spontaneous Cushing's syndrome

Pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) Adrenal dependent hyperadrenocorticism (ADH)

Which form of Cushing syndrome is most common and occurs due to a benign tumor of the pituitary gland

(PDH) pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism

Which form of Cushing syndrome occurs less common and occurs due to a tumor on one or both adrenal glands

Adrenal dependent ( ADH)

T or f | PDH tumor causes the pit to produce large amount of ACTH which stimulates the adrenal to make large amount of cortisol

Hypoadrenocorticism other name is:

Addison disease

_____is adrenocortical insufficiency which results in decent production of corticosteroids and mineralcorticoids

Hypoadrenocorticism ( Addison's disease)

Ketoconazole is an anti fungal agent that treats Cushing's | T or f

It is used to treat cats with Cushing's especially to stabilize patient before adrenalectomy

Metyrapone

Mitotane treats ____

PDH

Mitotane side effects are:

``` Weakness Ataxia Vomiting Long term glucocorticoid Possible mineralocorticoid replacement therapy ```

_____ is an adrenal cytotoxic agent that inhibits or destroys the cortisol producing layers of the adrenal gland

Mitotane

Selegiline had disappointing clinical studies | T or f

Selegiline is a monoamine ____ used for cognitive dysfunction and PDH in dogs

Oxidase-B inhibitor

______ anti fungal agent that treats Cushing

Ketoconazole

Trilostane side effects

Lethargy Weakness V/D Inapprtance

What is the adrenal steroid synthetic inhibitor that treats PHD due to adrenal tumors

Trilostane

Pancreas secretes 2 hormones that regulate bg

Insulin | Glucagon

Where does the pancreas produce the two principle hormones

In special cells in the islets of Langerhans

What cell is insulin produced by? | What cell glucagon?

Beta cell | Alpha cell

Insulin causes a ____ in blood glucose cells | Glucagon promotes an ____

Decrease | Increase

Insulin facilitates cellular uptake of _____ and it's storage in the form of _____ and fat

Glucose | Glycogen

T or f | Insulin inhibits the breakdown of fat, protein, and glycogen into forms that may be used as energy sources.

In the absent of insulin the body cannot use ___ and must break down its own fat

Glucose

Diabetes mellitus is a complex disease that results from the ability of the___ cells of the pancreas to produce enough insulin

Beta

The most common diabetes mellitus is called type I or insulin dependent and it's found in dogs and cats T or f

Diabetes mellitus is caused by inefficient use of insulin | T or f

Type 1 is also known as insulin dependent | T or f

Diabetes mellitus that results from inadequate secretion of insulin is called ______

Type 1 or insulin dependent

Diabetes mellitus that results from resistance of tissue to the action of insulin is called ______

Type II or non insulin dependent

Type II or non insulin is rare and it occurs more often in cats T or f

Both forms of diabetes mellitus cause

Polydipsia Polyuria Weight loss

Untreated diabetes proceeds to a condition called ______ ______ in which body fat is metabolism as a substitute energy source

Diabetic ketoacidosis

______is a condition in which body fat is metabolized as a substitute energy source

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Metabolism of body fat results results in accumulation of byproducts called____ bodies which promote metabolic acidosis that can lead to death

Ketone

Bg levels can be increased by:

Corticosteroids Epinephrine Progesterone

Should you be cautious when giving the drugs corticosteroid, epinephrine, to your diabetic pet Y or n

Yes

Is sudden changes in diet and exercise level safe? Why or why not

No it can alter the blood glucose level an cause an imbalance in the ratio of insulin to glucose

Is insulin given orally effective. Why or why not

Not effective because when given orally the digestive tract breaks down the protein molecule before it can be absorbed

How can insulin be given

Sq IM IV

Sources of insulin

Beef or pork pancreas

Which source of insulin is very close in structure to dog and human

Pork insulin

Which source of insulin is very close in structure to a cat

Beef insulin

How is insulin concentration measured

In units of insulin per milliliter

What are the available concentration of insulin

40 (U-40). 100 (U-100). 500(U-500)

U-40 concentraction makes administering small amounts needed for cats easier T or f

What color too does a U 40 have

Res

U 100 syr have an 100 top and are used for 40 insulin | T or f

F used for U-100

U-40 syringes have a red top and must be used with U-40 insulin T or f

Usually best to feed the pet ___ minutes before giving insulin

Before giving insulin to pet you should

``` Feed the pet 30 minute before Roll cloudy insulin between your palm Do not shake Rotate injection site Treat mild hypoglycemia with Karo syrup ```

It is okay to shake insulin before giving to pet | T or f

F do not shake

How would you classify insulin

Short acting Intermediate acting Long acting

What does short acting include?

Regular Lispro Aspart

Short acting includes regular, _____ , and aspart.

Lispro

Intermediate acting includes:

MPH PZA Lenten

MPH, ____ and Lente are immediate

PZA

Which two are classified as long acting

Detemir | Glargine

______ insulin is fast acting and is clear solution that may be given IV, IM or SQ.

Regular

Regular insulin is fast acting and is a clear solution that may be given ____, ___, or _____. It is a short acting insulin*

IV IM SQ

What is short acting insulin used to treat for?

Diabetic ketoacidotic pets until blood glucose levels are reduced and the animal is metabolically stable

What is the side effect of short acting insulin?

``` Overdose Weakness Ataxia Shaking sz ```

T or f | Although not required on the label, refrigeration of short acting insulin probably enhances storage?

Short acting insulin is used to treat ____ pets until blood glucose levels are ____ and the animals is metabolically stable.

Ketoacidotic | Reduced

In intermediate acting insulin what are the intermediate insulin

NPH ( neutral protamine hagedorn) PZI ( protamine zinc insulin) Lente

NPH is a cloudy suspension of ____ insulin crystals and protamine zinc

Zinc

What is intermediate acting insulin commonly used for?

For control of uncomplicated diabetes in dogs and cats

Which insulin is used for control of uncomplicated diabetes in dogs and cats

Intermediate acting insulin

T or f | Vetsulin ( U-40) was withdrawn but is now back on the market

Prozinc (U-40) is used for: Cats or dogs Which one

Cats

Two examples of intermediate acting insulin;

Vetsulin (U-40) which was withdrawn now back used for cats and dogs Prozinc for cats (U-40)

Intermediate acting insulin resuspension by gently rolling bottle is required before the product is withdrawn

Long acting insulin two examples

Glargine ( lantus) | Detemir (Levemir)

Lantus is labeled as ____ insulin used to treat uncomplicated DM

Peakless

Which long acting insulin is peak less and is used to treat uncomplicated DM

Lantus

The onset of action of various insulin can vary from a few minutes to a few___.

Hours

What can influence insulin activity?

Exercise level | Eating patterns

Insulin overdose can lead to varying degrees of _____ that produce clinical signs ranging from mild weakness to coma

Hypoglycemia

Insulin overdose can lead to varying degree of hypoglycemia that produce clinical signs ranging from mild ____ to _____

Weakness | Coma

To use insulin feed animal___ minutes before giving insulin, roll ___ insulin between palms, do not shake except _____.

30 Cloudy Vetsulin

When using insulin use syringes only once? | T or f

How can you treat mild to moderate hypoglycemia resulting from an overdose of insulin

Feed pt Karo syrup

When should insulin be disposed

After 30 days or 100 injections

How to give insulin:

``` Feed 30 minutes before giving Roll cloudy insulin between palms Do not shake ( except vetsulin) Disposed after 30 days or 100 injections Rotate injection site Use strings only once ```

Hormones that act as growth promoters

Sex steroids Synthetic steroid analogs Nonsteroidal analogs

Growth hormone functions:

Control growth Feed efficiency Carcass composition

The primary sex steroid used to promote weight gain is _____

Estrogen ( estradiol)

How does estrogen( estradiol) promote weight gain?

Through increased water retention Increased protein synthesis Increased fat deposition Possible increased release of growth hormone

_____ is also added to growth promoters to slow the release of estradiol.

Progesterone

____ is the primary sex steroid used because it increases water retention , protein syn, growth hormone release and fat deposition.

Estrogen

_____ is used as adjunct to estrogen to slow it's use and prolongs it's effective lifespan

Testosterone

Growth hormone examples:

Bovine somatotropin | Bovine growth hormone

Growth hormone _____ is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary

Somatotropin

Which growth hormone is produce by the anterior pituitary

Somatotropin

What is the function of growth hormone

It's function before the onset of puberty is to stimulate growth

Growth hormones are released throughout life to promote______

Anabolic activity (increase protein synthesis)

_____ steroids produce a tissue building effect.

Anabolic

Testosterone is a naturally occurring anabolic steroid that produces ______ in addition to its anabolic effect

Masculininization

Anabolic steroids are _____ controlled substances for the potential for abuse by body builders

C-III

Anabolic steroids also promote ______ formation and used to treat some firms of ______.

rbc | Anemia

Anabolic steroids are labeled for clinical use for dogs and cats for ______, _______ and ______

Anorexia Weight loss Debilitation

T or f | Anabolic steroid administration causes positive nitrogen balance and reserves processes that break down tissue

Some anabolic steroids:

Stanozolol ex. winstrol Boldenone undecylenate Nandrolone Decanoate

Increase appetite , weight gain, improved overall condition and recovery are promoted in anabolic steroids T or f

T or f | Anabolic steroids promote rbc formation and are used to treat some forms of anemia?

Anabolic steroid administration causes positive _____ balance

Nitrogen

T or f | Anabolic steroids produce a tissue building effect.

What growth hormone is released throughout life to promote anabolic activity?

Somatotropin

What is the function of Somatotropin?

Before the onset of puberty is to stimulate growth

T or f The factors that control growth, feed efficiency, and carcass composition animals can be effected by hormones acting as growth promoters

Estrogen is the primary ____ steroid.

Sex

What is the mechanisms by which estradiol (estrogen) promotes weight gain includes:

Increase water retention Increased protein synthesis Increase fat deposition Possible increased release of growth hormone

_____ is used as adjunct to estrogen to slow its use because it is an anabolic agent in itself

Testosterone

T or f | Testosterone is naturally occurring anabolic steroid

Used to promote rbc formation and are used to treat some forms of anemia

Anabolic steroids

What is FSH?

Follicle-stimulating hormone. It stimulates ovarian follicle growth and spermatogensis

FSH is a tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that

It's a follicle stimulating hormone | that stimulates ovarian follicle growth and spermatogenesis

What is TSH, a tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary?

It is a thyroid stimulating hormone | It stimulates thyroid to produce T3/T4

What is ACTH? | It is a tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary

It is an adrenocorticotropic | Stimulates production of corticosteroids by adrenal cortex

What is GH and what does it do? | it's a tropic hormone and the anterior pituitary

Growth hormone | and it's also called somatotropin

What is LH? It is a tropic hormone of the anterior pituitary

Luteinizing hormone | It stimulates ovulation and testosterone production

Endocrine & Repro Flashcards

(286 cards)