Endocrine & Reproductive Flashcards
(46 cards)
endocrine system features
system of glands and glandular tissues that secrete hormones into the blood (pituitary, thyroid and parathyroid, adrenal, endocrine, gonads)
pituitary gland
known as the master gland - controlled by the hypothalamus
hormones
secreted by endocrine glands into the bloodstream, systemic or local reactions controlled by negative feedback
adenohypophysis
anterior lobe of pituitary
neurohypophysis
posterior lobe of pituitary
adenohypophysis hormones
6: GH, ACTH, LH, FSH, TSH, prolactin
neurohypophysis hormones
ADH + oxytocin
GH
promotes growth of tissues, peaks while one is sleeping
gonadotropins
LH: estrogen, progesterone + testosterone
FSH: egg + sperm production
male reproductive tract structural integrity
testes, epidiymis, vas deferns, seminal vesicles, prostate, penis, also responsible for urine elimination
male reproductive hormones
androgens (male sex hormones), LH, FSH
male reproductive hormones track
- hypothalamus stimulates gonadotropin releasing hormone which stimulates anterior pituitary to release LH and FSH
- LH acts on leydig cells in testes to produce testosterone
- excess testosterone triggers negative feedback in the hypothalamus
spermatogenesis
the act of producing sperm, happens in the seminiferous tubules, takes 60 days, exit through urethra
external genitalia (females)
provides protection and lubrication
female reproductive structural integrity is important because…
it is required to achieve reproduction
internal reproductive structures (females)
- cervix: protection to infection
2 . uterus: lining thickens or sheds in preparation for pregnancy or menstruation - fallopian tube: from uterus to ovaries, transports oocyte for fertilization
- ovaries: produce eggs and hormones
female sex hormones
- estrogen
- progesterone
- androgens
estrogens
primary female sex hormone, secreted throughout monthly menstrual cycle
progesterone
secreted by ovary from ovulation to onset of menses, thickens the lining of the uterus, helps maintain pregnancy, elevates body temp
ovulation
the process of releasing an oocyte from ovarian follicle, occurs once every 21-40 days
follicular phase
first half of ovulation
steps
1. secondary follicles (active) secrete estrogen and progesterone
2. ONE secondary follicle becomes dominant and secretes the largest amount of estrogen
3. rest of the follicles die (atrophy)
4. the dominant follicle secretes estrogen which triggers the pituitary to decrease FSH (egg + sperm production), and LH levels surge (hormones), which causes oocyte to be freed from follicles
luteal phase
second half of ovulation
steps
1. ruptured follicle forms corpus luteum which secretes large amounts of estrogen and progesterone
2. if pregnancy occurs then progesterone supports pregnancy until placenta develops OR if pregnancy does not occur progesterone levels drop 14 days after
follicles
epithelial capsules that hold oocytes
proliferative cycle
end of menstruation to ovulation
