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Microanatomy > Endocrine system > Flashcards

Endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

Types of capillaries

A

Continuous
Fenestrated (continuous basement membrane with fenestrations)
Sinusoidal (discontinuous basement membrane and large fenestrations)

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2
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Site of hypophysis
Pars distalis, tuberalis, intermedia, nervosa, infundibulum

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3
Q

Adenohypophysis

A

Pars distalis
Pars tuberalis
Pars intermedia

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4
Q

Neurohypophysis

A

Pars nervosa
Infundibulum (infundibular stalk, hypophyseal stalk)

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5
Q

Herring bodies

A

Large clusters of neurosecretory granules at terminal portion of axons in the pars nervosa

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6
Q

Infundibulum

A

Allows for hormones synthesized in hypothalamus to be sent to posterior pituitary for release into bloodstream

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7
Q

Adenohypophysis hormones

A

Pars distalis
-Growth hormone
-Prolactin
-ACTH
-TSH
-FSH
-LH

Pars intermedia
-MSH
-Endorphins
-gamma-LPH
-ACTH

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8
Q

Neurohypophysis hormones

A

Pars nervosa
-Oxytocin
-ADH (vasopressin)
-Neurophysins

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9
Q

Adrenal morphology

A

Capsule
Cortex (zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis)
Medulla

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10
Q

Zona glomerulosa

A

Mineralocorticoids - aldosterone

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11
Q

Zona fasciculata

A

Glucocorticoids - cortisol

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12
Q

Zona reticularis

A

Androgens - sex hormones

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13
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

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14
Q

Cushing’s disease

A

Case of hyperadrenocorticism - hyperactive adrenal gland that pumps too many steroids and hormones into blood stream
Cause: pituitary or adrenal tumors
Signs: PUPD, hair loss, and pigmentation

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15
Q

Addison’s disease

A

Case of hypoadrenocorticism - damaged adrenal glands produce insufficient amounts of cortisol hormone
Cause: autoimmune or infections

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16
Q

Pineal gland

A

Pinealocytes - produce melatonin and serotonin in response to light cycles
Astrocytes
Brain sand - mineral deposits with unknown function

17
Q

Pancreas

A

Contains pancreatic islands (Islets of Langerhans)
B-cells - insulin
a-cells - glucagon
d-cells - somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide

18
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Composed of colloids surrounded by cuboidal epithelium and parafollicular cells that secrete calcitonin

19
Q

Parathyroid gland

A

Contains numerous chief cells that secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) and oxyphil cells

20
Q

Calcium regulation

A

PTH is released onto bone osteoclasts, kidney, and intestine which inc. calcium. Elevated calcium levels causes calcitonin to be secreted

Microanatomy (12 decks)

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