Endocrine system

Question 1

function of the endocrine system

Answer 1

regulate body functions and development through chemical messengers called hormones

Question 2

name some sytems that to endocrine system regulates

Answer 2

digestion, metabolism, puberty, pregnancy, etc.

Question 3

proccessof the endocrine system (hormones)

Answer 3

hormone is released in one spot but has an effect somewhere else

Question 4

where do hormones originate

Answer 4

glands- chemical secretors

Question 5

steriod hormones

Answer 5

made from cholesterol (fat)
- the male and femal sex hormones
- lack of fat/cholestrial can prevent sex hormones from being synthesized- i.e. gymnist and super modles

Question 6

distribution of steriod hormones

Answer 6

1. hormones diffuse out of glands and travel to the target cells
2. hormones attach to the receptor (protein based) in the target cell membrane which brings the hormone into the cell and delivers it directly to the specific gene region (DNA)
3. a gene is then activated to synthesize the protein required

Question 7

protein hormones

Answer 7

made from acid chains (proteins)

Question 8

diffusion of protein hormones

Answer 8

1. Hormones diffuse
2. hormones attach with receptore in the cell membrane
3. this stimultates the cell to promote the formation of cyclic AMP which activates proteins already present within the cell (releases the protein from within the cell)

Question 9

examples of protein hormones

Answer 9

insulin and GH (growth hormone)

Question 10

pituitary gland

Answer 10

• reffered to as the master gland (can control the function of other glands within the system)
• connected to the hypothalamus (coordinating center)
• made up of two lobes (anterior and posterior(this lobe is connected to the hypothalamus and anterior(front) hangs off the posterior))

Question 11

what does the anterior lobe produce

Answer 11

• growth hormone (takes action everywhere)
• prolactin (milk secretion-mammary glands inside the breast tissue(breast feeding))
• FSH (follicle and sperm development- to your overies or testies)
  FSH is produced during puberty to stimulate LH causing ovulation responsible for maintaining estrogen levels
  -LH (ovulation and produce testosterone- causes the egg to exit the ovary, for men LH stimulates the release/production of testosterone)
  -TSH (stimulates thyroid- brain to neck)
• ACTH (stimulates adrenal glands brain- adrenal glands )

Question 12

posterior gland produces?

Answer 12

• ADH increases water reabsorption (brain- kidneys)
• Oxytocin (brain- the uterine lining) stimulates contractions

Question 13

function of the pancrease

Answer 13

controls blood sugar levels

Question 14

types of cells found within the pancrease

Answer 14

• digestive enzyme producers
• Hormone producers

Question 15

where are the hormone producing cells found within the pancrease

Answer 15

Islets of Langerhans

Question 16

function of insulin

Answer 16

makes cells premeable to glucose (uptake suger)

Question 17

function of glucagon

Answer 17

converts glycogen to glucose

Question 18

adrenal glands

Answer 18

located above each kidney but are composed of two glands within the cell

Question 19

adrenal medulla

Answer 19

found within the adrenal glands, produces epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine (reverses the effects of epinephrine)
- released during periods of high stress, eg- fear, anger, stress

Question 20

adrenal cortex

Answer 20

found within the adrenal glands
- produces glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex hormones

Question 21

purpose of the epinephrine

Answer 21

raise blood sugar leves to ensure a greater energy reserve, increase heart rate, breath rate, cell metabolism, blood vessel dialation, and iris dialtion

Question 22

purpose of glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Answer 22

to increase the level of amino acids in your blood (breaks down proteins) so the amino acids can help your body with cell recovery

Question 23

purpose of mineralocorticoid specificaly aldosterone

Answer 23

increase sodium retention and water reabsorption in the kidneys (makes sure we regain salt we lost due to exersise- slt is essential for the nervous system)

Question 24

thyroid gland

Answer 24

• located at the base of the neck
  produces three hormones including: thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calactonin

Question 25

function of thyroxine and triiodothyronine

Answer 25

regualte metabolism plus the growth and differentiation of tissues
- high levels = fast metabolism- cant gain wait

Question 26

function of calcitonin

Answer 26

lowers the level of calcium in the body by storing it in your bones (maintaining bone density)

Question 27

parathyroid glands

Answer 27

four small glands hidden within the larger thyroid gland responsible for regulating calcium
by creating PTH which increases the calcium level in your blood by pulling it from the bones (could lead to osteoperosis if PTH levels are to high or your diet sucks)