Endocrine System Flashcards
(31 cards)
hypothalamus location
in the brain over the pituitary
which hormones does the hypothalamus produce and release into the bloodstream (6)
- TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)
- GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)
- GHRH (growth-hormone-releasing hormone)
- CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone)
- Somatostatin
- Dopamine
pineal gland
- Photoreceptive
- Positioned in the brain at the back
- Effects: day-night rhythm, seasonal rhythm
- High light intensity/duration gives low melatonin
- High activity/energy
- High or low fertility in seasonal breeds
which hormone does the pineal gland produce
melatonin “sleeping hormone”
pituitary gland - where is it and what does it consist of?
- In the brain under the hypothalamus
- “Master endocrine gland”
- Anterior pituitary (left)
- posterior pituitary (right)
anterior pituitary - what does it do?
stimulates organs to make hormones
posterior pituitary
stores hormones until needed , hormones are transferred from the hypothalamus into this lobe
which hormones are produced in the anterior pituitary gland (6)
FSH, LH, TSH, STH, ACTH, Prolactin
Which hormones are produced in the posterior pituitary gland (2)
Vasopressin, Oxytocin
FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone)
target, hormone, effect
- Target organ: ovary or testicle
- Hormone: Estrogen
- Effect: Follicle growth or sperm production
LH (luteinizing hormone)
target, hormone, effect
- Target organ: Ovary or testicle
- Hormone: Progesterone or testosterone
- Effect: Ovulation/luteinization or male development and behavior
TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone)
target, hormone, effect
- Target organ: thyroid gland
- Hormone: thyroid hormone
- Effect: high metabolism
STH or GH (somatotropin or growth hormone)
target (5), effect
- Target organ: bone, muscle, kidney, liver, fat
- Effect: body growth and high metabolism
ACTH (Adrenocorticotropin)
target, hormone, effect
- Target organ: Adrenal gland
- Hormone: cortisol
- Effect: long term stress response
Prolactin
target, effect
- Target organ: Udder (mammary gland)
- Effect: milk production
Vasopressin (ADH = Anti diuretic hormone)
target, effect
- Target organ: kidney
- Effect: retaining water
Oxytocin
target, effect
- Target organ: uterus, udder
- Effect: smooth muscle contraction, birth and placenta excretion, milk ejection
thyroid gland
location, hormone, effect
- Positioned beside windpipe (trachea)
- Produces hormone thyroxin (with iodine)
- Effects: metabolism increases, growth, and development
- Negative feedback mechanism for TSH
what hormone does thyroid gland produce
thyroxin
parathyroid gland
which hormone and effect?
- Produces parathyroid hormone
- Calcium decrease
adrenal gland
position, what does it consist of
positioned in front of kidneys, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla
adrenal cortex
what does it produce
produces: Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone), Corticosteroids (Cortisol), Androgens
Cortisol (adrenal cortex)
- For carbohydrate balance
- Maintains high level of glucose
- Maintains glycogen storage
- Stimulated by ACTH from pituitary (negative feedback mechanism)
adrenal medulla
what does it produce
produces: epinephrin (=adrenalin), norepinephrin (=noadrenalin)
