Endocrine System Flashcards by Ella Jimenez

The regulatory hormones of the hypothalamus target what gland?

Anterior pituitary

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What is not a hormone produced by the hypothalamus

Melatonin

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If an individual experiences lack of sexual development/infertility, what hormone might they be lacking

GnRh

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T/F the primary target of the regulatory hormones is the posterior pituitary

False

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An increase in blood osmolality might trigger the release of what hormone produced by the
hypothalamus?

ADH

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An individual that has gigantism might have a disorder called _________ that occurs when the
_________ produces too much ________

Acromegaly, pituitary gland, growth hormone

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An increase in blood osmolality might trigger the release of what hormone produced by the hypothalamus

ADH

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What hormone is synthesized by the hypothalamus and involved in a positive feedback loop

Oxytocin

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What is the target of the regulatory hormones released by the hypothalamus?

Anterior pituitary

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Match the hormones to their functions

Regulatory - Anterior Pituitary

ADH - stimulates thirst center to increase fluid intake

Oxytocin - contraction of smooth muscle in the uterus

Melatonin - regulates cardiac rhythm

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Regulatory hormone in the _______ target the _____ in order to control the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary

Hypothalamus, anterior pituitary

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What statement is true

Both the hypothalamus and the pineal gland are located in the brain

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What are the targets of ADH

Hypothalamus, kidney, blood vessels

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Homeostatic mechanisms controlling growth hormone involve negative feedback by GH and what other hormone?

GHIH

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T/F: The primary target of antidiuretic hormone is the kidney, hypothalamus, and blood vessels

True

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What part of the brain is oxytocin secreted from?

Posterior pituitary

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What are the functions of melatonin

Regulates cardiac rhythm, sexual maturation

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The Hypothalamus is located _________ to the thalamus, and ________ to the pituitary gland

Inferior, posterior

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This hormone produced by the hypothalamus targets the uterus, breasts, and the brain

Oxytocin

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Place the following events in order regarding the release and effects of Growth Hormone

A. The hypothalamus responds to various stimuli
B. GH stimulates hepatocytes to release insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) into the blood
C. In response to GHRH the anterior pituitary gland releases growth hormone
D. A variable influences the release of GHRH from the hypothalamus
E. Both GH and IGFs stimulate target (effector) cells
F. Growth is stimulated; nutrient release into the bloodstream
G. Increased GH and IGF levels inhibit GHRH release; increased GH levels inhibit further release of GH
H. The hypothalamus releases GHRH into the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

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The Hypothalamus connects to the _____ via the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

Anterior pituitary gland

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T/F: The anterior pituitary gland stores and releases ADH and Oxytocin

False (this is the posterior pituitary gland)

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What are the symptoms of hypothalamus related disorders?

Dehydration, infertility, weight loss

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The _____________ hormone produced by the hypothalamus targets the kidney, hypothalamus (thirst center), and blood vessels

ADH

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Insomnia or hypersomnia are symptoms that can be caused due to _____________ ____________ disorder

Pineal gland

T/F: The hormone produced by the pineal gland targets muscle cells

False

What are the primary targets of ADH

Brain, kidney, hypothalamus, blood vessels

T/F: The hormones produced by the hypothalamus are regulatory hormones, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and Oxytocin

True

What is the primary target organ for Oxytocin

Breast(mammary glands), brain

Hypothyroidism can be caused by disfunction of the hypothalamus

Truie

What is not true about the hypothalamus

It is a vital part of the somatic nervous system, which contributes to involuntary bodily functions

T/F: The Oxytocin hormone is produced by the hypothalamus gland

True

Which is not a regulatory hormone produced by the hypothalamus?

ADH

T/F: Damage to the hypothalamus results in weigh gain

True

The hypothalamus produces oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone, and __________ hormones

Regulatory

Which of the following stimulates the release of growth hormone

Growth hormone-releasing hormone

Which of the following decreases the release of growth hormone

Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone

Which of the following stimulates secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Which of the following stimulates secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

Which of the following stimulates luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormone

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Which of the following decreases the secretion of prolactin

Prolactin-inhibiting hormone

Which of the following stimulates the secretion of prolactin

Prolactin-releasing hormone

T/F: The anterior pituitary is made up of nervous tissue and connected to the hypothalamus via the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

False

Which of the following is a physiological function that is mediated by a hormone released by the anterior pituitary?

None of the above

T/F: Irregular levels of FSH may lead to infertility in women only

False

What hormone disorder results from excessive growth hormone production in adults and causes bones in the hands, feet, and face to enlarge/widen

Acromegaly

Which hormone will stimulate the release of a hormone resulting in an increase in metabolic rate of cells and heat production

TSH

The hormone _________regulates mammary gland growth and breast milk production in females

Prolactin

_____is released from _____________ into the hypophyseal portal veins to simulate the ____________to release both LH and ____. LH stimulates testes to release _____________, LH also stimulates the ovaries to cause ________ once a month

GnRH, hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, FSH, testosterone, ovulation

Identify all hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland

FSH, TSH, ACTH, GH

What would be the consequence if there is an insufficient amount of PRL released

Unable to produce milk in females

ACTH targets the _______________ to stimulate the release of_______________

Adrenal cortex, corticosteroids (cortisol)

T/F: The FSH and LH hormones primary target are the ovaries only

False

Which of the following is not a primary target or tissue of the Growth Hormone (GH)

Brain (goes to liver, muscle, and skeleton)

The anterior pituitary gland is located directly superior to the hypothalamus

False

The anterior pituitary gland secretes hormones into the blood most directly via what vessels

Secondary plexus hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

Jonathan is a 20-year-old male who is suffering from hypothyroidism. However, upon examination by a physician, it is determined that his thyroid looks normal, and he maintains a nutritious diet. A defect in which of the following structures may be a cause of Jonathan’s condition?

Anterior pituitary gland

Lucy is a new mother who is having a hard time feeding her newborn son. Despite her child having no issue with latching, no milk is coming out when he tries to feed. A lack of which of the following hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland is most likely to be responsible for this problem? a. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Prolactin

T/F: The anterior pituitary gland is located in the hypothalamus

False

Which hormone stimulates the growth and development of ovarian follicles in females

Follicle stimulating hormone

What are the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

FSH, GH, LH, PRL

T/F : The anterior pituitary gland is the larger lobe of the two, however, it secretes less hormones than the posterior pituitary gland

False

The prolactin hormone of the anterior pituitary gland regulates mammary gland growth.

True

The __________ hormone within the anterior pituitary gland controls testosterone synthesis within the testes

Luteinizing

Hormones that target liver, fat, muscle, and bone

GH, IGF

GH, FSH, and LH are secreted from the ____________, while TRH, CRH, and GnRH are secreted from the ______________

Anterior, hypothalamus

List all hormones that are synthesized and released by the anterior pituitary gland

TSH, PRL, FSH, LH, ACTH, and GH

T/F: The Luteinizing Hormone controls development of sperm in the testes.

False (follicle stimulating)

Function of ACTH

stimulates adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids

What hormones are released by the pituitary gland that end up at the gonads?

FSH, LH

What is the most common cause of Acromegaly

Tumor on pituitary gland

Cushing's syndrome occurs when a pituitary tumor produces excessive amount of a hormone called:

ACTH

All of the different types of hormones the anterior pituitary can produce are luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, and ________________________

TSH

What hormone is involved in Cushings Disease

ACTH

Which hormone produced controls the development of both oocyte and ovaries; controls the development of sperm within the testes

FSH

What two hormones of the Anterior Pituitary Gland target the Ovaries and Testis

FSH, LH

All are organs that are target organs for Growth Hormone EXCEPT

All cells

T/F: ACTH deficiency is caused by the lack of the TSH hormone

False

The hypothalamus is in constant communication with the ________________________ to release hormones. One of the hormones produced by this gland is named ________________ which stimulates the thyroid gland to release hormones to increase the metabolic rate

Pituitary gland, TSH

The growth hormone works synergistically with what other hormone

IGF

T/F: Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone released by the pancreas as a response to stress and low blood sugar

False

T/F: True/false- The follicle-Stimulating Hormone stimulates the development of Sperm and oocyte

True

How many hormones are produced from the anterior pituitary gland and what are they

6 TSH, ACTH< PRL< GH< FSH< LH

Insufficient secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone can lead to insufficient levels of thyroid hormone causing

Hypothyroidism

The adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is produced by the _____ and releases _____ from the adrenal cortex

Anterior pituitary, corticosteroids

What structures does Luteinizing hormone (LH) target

Ovaries, testes

T/F: The posterior pituitary synthesizes ADH and oxytocin, to then be stored and released from the hypothalamus

False

What is true of ADH

Vasopressin, stimulates kidney to decrease urine output, in high doses can act as a vasoconstrictor, targets the kidney

_______ of ADH prevents the kidneys from reabsorbing more water, so it is released in your urine.

Hyposecretion- blood diluted, urine concentrated

ADH is a vasoconstrictor (vasopressin). A person with excessive vasopressin (syndrome of inappropriate Antidiuretic hormone) will have symptoms of

Muscle cramps, nausea, headaches, seizures

T/F: Antidiuretic hormones are released due to decrease in blood concentrations

False

What hormone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb more water?

ADH

___________ hormone is associated with both SIADH and Diabetes Insipidus in Children

ADH

T/F: Oxytocin targets only the brain

False

T/F: Growth Hormones stimulates the liver to release insulin growth factors

True

T/F: The hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland are connected by the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system, which is used to transport hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland

True

Hypersecretion of growth hormone can lead to a condition called __________. While hyposecretion can lead to a disorder called _____________

Gigantism, dwarfism

What type of muscle does oxytocin help contract in the uterus

Smooth muscle

Function of oxytocin

Eject milk, emotional feelings of bonding

T/F: ADH and oxytocin are transported to the posterior pituitary gland through the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract

True

ADH and oxytocin are produced in the

Hypothalamus

T/F: The posterior pituitary gland is attached to the corpus callosum, via nerves and blood vessels

False

The term hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract refers to a connection between which two endocrine structures

Hypothalamus and Posterior pituitary

A patient has been experiencing a lot of weight gain in their mid section and their face has also gotten noticeably rounder. The patient was confused because they were losing weight in their arms and legs while gaining weight in other areas. They were also bruising a lot easier than normal. When going in to see what was going on, the doctor found that there was a pituitary tumor that was producing excessive amounts of ACTH causing all of these problems. What disorder is this patient experiencing

Cushing syndrome

When dehydrated, antidiuretic hormone stimulates the kidneys to increase/decrease the urine output and the thirst center to increase/decrease fluid intake

Decrease, increase

Diabetes insipidus, a disorder characterized by the need to urinate frequently, is caused by the lack of the hormone, ________________

ADH

The pineal gland produces _____________ , which targets the __________ to regulate the circadian rhythm and function in sexual maturation

Melanoma, brain

Excessive _____ can delay the onset of puberty

Melatonin

Pineal gland characteristics

Secretes the hormone melatonin Is involved in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle (circadian rhythm) Sensitive to light and darkness

Which of the following is not a function of the parathyroid gland?

Decrease blood calcium levels

Which of the following cells produces calcitonin and PTH

C cells, follicle cells

T/F: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by a high level of T-4 and a low level of TSH

True

T/F: Cretinism is disease that is characterized by stunted physical and mental growth due to hyperthyroidism

False

T/F: Hypothyroidism causes an increase in the production of TH

False

T/F: A goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid usually due to an insufficient amount of iodine

True

Hormones produced by the thyroid gland

T3, T4, calcitonin

Which hormone is NOT matched with its correct function and releasing location

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone --> activates thyroid gland, produced by the anterior pituitary

End on: match each thyroid disorder with the statement that best describes it

Endocrine System Flashcards

(118 cards)