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MCB 246/247 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

What hormones does the hypothalamus secrete?

A

Regulatory hormones, ADH, oxytocin

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2
Q

Regulatory Hormones target and function

A

Primary Target: anterior pituitary
Primary Functions: control release of hormones from anterior pituitary

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3
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone target and function

A

Primary Target: kidney, hypothalamus (thirst center), blood vessels
Primary Functions: stimulates kidney to decrease urine output; thirst center to increase fluid intake; in high doses ADH vasoconstricts blood vessles

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4
Q

Oxytocin target and function

A

Primary Target: breast, brain
Primary Functions: contact smooth muscle of uterus; ejection of milk; increases feelings of love

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5
Q

What hormones does the anterior pituitary secrete?

A

TSH, prolactin, FSH, LH, ACTH, GH

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6
Q

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) target and function

A

Thyroid
Stimulate thyroid to release TH

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7
Q

Prolactin (PRL)

A

Breasts
Regulates breast growth and milk production

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8
Q

Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) target and function

A

Ovary, testes
Control development of oocyte and ovarian follicles; development of sperm within testes

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9
Q

Luteinizing Hormong (LH) target and function

A

Ovary, testes
Induces ovulating of secondary oocyte from ovarian follicle; controls testosterone synthesis within testes

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10
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

A

Adrenal cortex
Stimulates adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids like cortisol

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11
Q

Growth Hormone (GH)

A

Liver, skeleton, muscle, all cells
Release of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) from liver; GH and IGFs function synergistically to induce growth

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12
Q

What hormones does the Pineal Gland secrete?

A

Melatonin

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13
Q

Melatonin

A

Brain
Regulate body’s circadian rhythm; functions in sexual maturation

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14
Q

What hormones does the thyroid gland secrete?

A

T3 - triiodothyronine, T4 - tetraiodothyronine, Calcitonin

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15
Q

T3 and T4

A

All cells
Increase metabolic rate of all cells; increase heat production

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16
Q

Calcitonin

A

Bone, kidney
Decreases blood calcium levels; most significant in children

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17
Q

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

A

Bone tissue, kidney
Increases blood calcium levels stimulate release of calcium from bone and decrease loss of calcium from urine; formes calcitriol hormone

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18
Q

What hormones does the thymus secrete?

A

Thymosin, thymulin, thymopoietin

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19
Q

Thymosin, thymulin, thymopoietin

A

T-lymphocytes
Maturation of T-lymphocytes

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20
Q

What does the adrenal cortex secrete?

A

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol), gonadocorticoids (DHEA)

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21
Q

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

A

Kidney
Regulate blood sodium and potassium levels by decreasing sodium and increased the potassium excreted in urine

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22
Q

Glucocorticoids (cortisol)

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A

Liver, adipose CT, all cells
Stress response, increase nutrients that are available in the blood

23
Q

Gonadocorticoids

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A

Stimulate maturation and functioning of reproductive system

24
Q

What does the adrenal medulla secrete?

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A

Epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE)

25
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Various body cells Prolong effects of sympathetic division of ANS
26
What does the pancreas secrete?
Insulin and glucagon
27
Insulin
Liver, adipose CT, most body cells Decreases blood glucose levels
28
Glucagon
Liver, adipose CT, most body cells Increases blood glucose levels
29
What do the testes secrete?
Testosterone, inhibin
30
Testosterone
Reproductive organs, various body cells Stimulates maturation and function of male repro system
31
Testes Inhibin
Anterior pituitary inhibits release of FSH from anterior pituitary
32
What do the ovaries secrete?
Estrogen and progesterone, inhibin
33
Estrogen and progesterone
Reproductive organs, various body cells Stimulate maturation and function of female repro system
34
Ovarian inhibin
Anterior pituitary inhibits release of FSH from anterior pituitary
35
What does the heart secrete?
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
36
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Kidneys, blood vessels Decrease blood pressure by stimulating kidneys to increase urine output and blood vessels to dilate
37
What do the kidneys secrete?
Erythropoietin (EPO)
38
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Bone (red bone marrow) Increase production of RBCs
39
What does the liver secrete?
Angiotensinogen, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), EPO, hepcidin
40
Angiotensinogen
Blood vessels, kidney, hypothalamus (thirst center) Increases BP by causing vasoconstriction and decreases urine output; stimulates thirst center
41
insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)
Various body cells Synergistic with GH to stimulate growth
42
Hepcidin
Small intestine and macrophages of liver, spleen and bone marrow Regulates iron levels
43
What does the stomach secrete?
Gastrin
44
Gastrin
Stomach Facilitates digestion
45
What does the small intestine secrete?
Secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK), motilin
46
Secretin
Digestive organs Regulate digestion in SI by maintaining normal pH within SI
47
CCK
Digestive organs Regulate digestion within SI by facilitating digestion of proteins and fats
48
Motilin
Small Intestine Stimulates SI motility
49
What does the skin produce?
Vitamin D3
50
Vitamin D3
Bone, kidney, SI converted by enzymes to calcitriol, functions synergistically with PTH and increases calcium absorption
51
What does adipose CT produce?
Leptin
52
Leptin
Brain Helps regulate food intake
53
What does the placenta produce?
Estrogen and progesterone
54
Placental estrogen and progesterone
Reproductive organs Stimulate development of fetus, stimulate physical changes within mother in uterus and breasts

MCB 246/247 (3 decks)

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