Endocrine System

Question 1

where are steroids produced

Answer 1

adrenal cortex

Question 2

how do glucocorticoids impact insulin

Answer 2

inhibits insulin
increases blood glucose levels

Question 3

what hormones are produced in the adrenal medulla

Answer 3

catecholamines

Question 4

where is ADH secreted from

Answer 4

pituitary gland

Question 5

what does ADH do

Answer 5

causes anti-diuresis
sodium and water is retained
aka vasopressin

Question 6

what does PTH do

Answer 6

causes calcium to be pulled out of the bones and into the blood
increase in serum calcium

Question 7

what is calcitonin

Answer 7

released from thyroid gland when serum calcium levels increase
inhibits osteoclasts to stop releasing calcium into blood

protects against hypercalcemia

Question 8

normal blood glucose levels

Answer 8

70-110

Question 9

what does glucagon do

Answer 9

causes glycogenolysis in the liver
glycogen becomes glucose
released when BG is too low

Question 10

what is methimazole?

Answer 10

antithyroid medication
stops producing of t3 and t4

Question 11

what are bisphosphonates and examples

Answer 11

decrease serum calcium
alendronate and risedronate

Question 12

what are generic names of rapid acting insulin

Answer 12

aspart
lispro

Question 13

is regular insulin short acting, rapid acting or intermediate?

Answer 13

short-acting

Question 14

what insulin can you give IV

Answer 14

regular (short-acting)

Question 15

which insulin is cloudy

Answer 15

NPH, intermediate acting

Question 16

mixing insulin instructions

Answer 16

draw up air
inject air into NPH (cloudy) vial
inject air into regular (clear) vial
draw up regular insulin
draw up NPH

Question 17

how is glucagon delivered

Answer 17

IM
will increase BG

Question 18

what kind of medication is metformin

Answer 18

biguanide

Question 19

metformin MOA

Answer 19

1. decreases glucose production by liver and 2. decrease GI glucose absorption and 3. increases cell sensitivity to insulin

Question 20

which clients would you not give metformin to?

Answer 20

clients with renal or hepatic impairment
IV contrast

Question 21

what will sodium and potassium levels be in pt with addison’s disease

Answer 21

hyponatremic
hyperkalemic

Question 22

what is the priority in adrenal crisis

Answer 22

shock
need to give IV fluids

Question 23

which fluid are you giving to someone in addison crisis

Answer 23

normal saline

Question 24

tx for DI (4)

Answer 24

monitor neuro status
monitor hourly urine output
replace volume
vasopressin

Question 25

in SIADH, are water and sodium retained?

Answer 25

just water

Question 26

s/s of SIADH

Answer 26

weight gain anorexia N/V NO peripheral edema low serum sodium

Question 27

what are T3, T4, and TSH levels in hypothyroidism

Answer 27

low T3, low T4 high TSH

Question 28

s/s of hypothyroidism

Answer 28

everything is slow slow heart beat poor appetite weight gain slow GI - constipation intolerant of cold dry and coarse skin infertility

Question 29

what disease is an autoimmune disease with antibodies attacking the thyroid

Answer 29

graves

Question 30

s/s of graves

Answer 30

sweater goiter exophthalmos tachycardia nausea muscle weakness tremor headache hungry goiter

Question 31

thyroid storm signs

Answer 31

high fever high HR palpitations chest pain SOB

Question 32

tx for hyperthyroidism

Answer 32

methimazole iodine compounds radioactive iodine therapy thyroidectomy

Question 33

what does Calcium act like

Answer 33

a sedative

Question 34

what type of breathing do you see with DKA

Answer 34

kussmaul - to blow off CO2

Question 35

which is more sudden onset: DKA or HHS

Answer 35

DKA

Question 36

is HHS more common with type 1or type 2 diabetes

Answer 36

type 2

Question 37

s/s of hypoglycemia (TIRED)

Answer 37

tachycardia irritability restlessness excessive hunger diaphoresis

Question 38

how do you treat hypoglycemia?

Answer 38

snack - 15 grams of carbs wait 15 minutes and check BG if less than 70, eat another 15 grams of carbs

Question 39

if patient with hypoglycemia is unconscious, what do you do?

Answer 39

push D50W or IM glucagon