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Med-Surg 1 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Adenohypophysis

A

Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. One of three pituitary lobes.

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2
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

Outer portion of the adrenal glands; manufactures and secretes glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and small amounts of sex hormones.

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3
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Glands located above the kidneys; the outer portion is the cortex, and the inner portion is the medulla.

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4
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Inner portion of the adrenal gland(s); secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine, two hormones released in response to stress or threat to life.

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5
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Substance secreted by the pituitary glad that stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete corticosteroid hormones.

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6
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Collective term for the glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and small amounts of sex hormones manufactured and secreted by the adrenal cortex.

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7
Q

Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)

A

Causes the anterior pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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8
Q

Estrogen

A

Hormone produced by the ovaries.

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9
Q

Feedback loop

A

Mechanism that turns hormone production off and on; negative feedback stimulates a releasing gland in response to a decrease in levels while positive feedbacks keep concentrations of hormones within a stable range.

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10
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Hormone that stimulates the development of ovum in the ovaries and sperm in the testes.

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11
Q

Glucagon

A

Hormone that increase blood sugar levels by stimulating the brake down of glycogen into glucose in the liver.

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12
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

Process in which glycogen is broken down into glucose in the liver.

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13
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

A

Triggers sexual development at the onset of puberty and contains to cause the anterior pituitary gland to secrete luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

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14
Q

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

A

Causes the release of somatotropin (growth hormone[GH]) from the anterior pituitary gland.

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15
Q

Hormones

A

Chemicals secreted by the endocrine glands that accelerate or slow physiologic process.

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16
Q

Hypophysis

A

Pituitary gland

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17
Q

Hypothalamic dopamine

A

Inhibits the release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland.

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18
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Portion of the brain between the cerebrum and the brain stem that stimulates and inhibits the pituitary gland.

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19
Q

Insulin

A

Pancreatic hormone necessary for the metabolism of glucose.

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20
Q

Isletes of Langerhans

A

Hormone-secreting cells of the pancreases that release insulin and glucagon.

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21
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

Hormone that initiates ovulation and, in both sexes, secretion of sex hormones.

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22
Q

Melatonin

A

Hormone that aids in regulating sleep cycles and mood and is believed to play a role in hypothalamic pituitary interaction.

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23
Q

Neurohormones

A

Stimulate and inhibit secretions from the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland; also known as releasing hormones.

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24
Q

Neurohypophysis

A

Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

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25
Q

Overies

A

Female endocrine glands important in the development of secondary sex characteristics, the manufacture of hormones, and the development of ova.

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26
Q

Pancreas

A

Gland with both exocrine and endocrine functions; the exocrine portion secretes digestive enzymes that the common bile duct carries to the small intestine, while the endocrine cells of the pancreases release insulin and glucagon.

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27
Q

Pancreatic polypeptide

A

Hormone released from gamma islet cells that controls exocrine secretions from the pancreas.

28
Q

Parathormone

A

Hormone that regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus.

29
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

Four small bean-shaped bodies embedded in the lateral lobes of the thyroid that secrete parathormone.

30
Q

Pars intermedia

A

Intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland.

31
Q

Pineal gland

A

gland attached to the thalamus that secretes melatonin, which aids in regulating sleep cycles and mood.

32
Q

Pituitary gland

A

gland that regulates the function of the other endocrine glands.

33
Q

Progesterone

A

hormone produced by the ovaries.

34
Q

Prolactin

A

hormone that promotes production and secretion of milk after childbirth.

35
Q

Radioimmunoassay

A

study that determines the concentration of a radioactive substance in blood plasma.

36
Q

Radionuclide

A

atom with an unstable nucleus that emits electromagnetic radiation.

37
Q

Somatostatin

A

hormone secreted by delta islet cells that helps to maintain a relatively constant level of blood glucose by inhibiting the release of insulin and glucagons.

38
Q

Somatotropin

A

hormone that stimulates bone and muscle growth and promotes protein synthesis and fat mobilization.

39
Q

Testes

A

male sex glands, important in the development of secondary sex characteristics, the manufacture of hormones, and the development of sperm.

40
Q

Testosterone

A

hormone produced by the testes for the development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics, such as facial hair and a deep voice.

41
Q

Tetraiodothryonine

A

hormone synthesized by the thyroid gland that regulates the body’s metabolic rate; also known as T4.

42
Q

Thymopoietin

A

Hormone that aids in the proliferation and differentiation of T lymphocytes.

43
Q

Thymosin

A

Hormone that aids in developing T lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell involved in immunity.

44
Q

Thymus gland

A

Structure in the upper part of the chest that secretes thymosin, which programs T lymphocytes to become regulatory or effector T cells.

45
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Structure located in the lower neck that concentrates iodine from food and uses it to synthesize tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine or T4) and triiodothryonine (T3).

46
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

Pituitary hormone that stimulates the production and secretion of thyroid hormones.

47
Q

Triiodothyronine

A
48
Q

Identify the chief function of the endocrine glands.

A
49
Q

Describe the general function of hormones.

A
50
Q

Explain the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.

A
51
Q

Discuss the regulation of levels of hormones.

A
52
Q

List endocrine glands and the hormones they secrete.

A
53
Q

Name other organs that are not classified as endocrine glands but secrete hormones.

A
54
Q

Outline information to include wheb taking the health history of a client with an endocrine disorders.

A
55
Q

Describe physical assessment findings that suggest an endocrine disorder.

A
56
Q

List examples of laboratory and diagnostic tests that identify endocrine disorders.

A
57
Q

Discuss the nursing management of clients undergoing diagnostic tests to detect endocrine dysfunction.

A
58
Q

Explain why the pituitary gland is considered the master gland. Give some examples that support the terminology.

A
59
Q

Discuss the meaning and purpose of a feedback loop.

A
60
Q

Based on the principle of the feedback loop, if a client’s T3 and T4 hormone levels are low, what hormone level(s) is/are most likely elevated?

A
61
Q

When examining a client, the nurse notes that the client’s eyes bulge and protrude from the bony orbits. What is the term for this condition, and what hormonal disorder may be the cause? What diagnostic test would be ordered to confirm or rule out a hormonal cause for the condition?

A
62
Q

A client diagnostic with parathormone deficiency is admitted to the hospital. As the nurse initiates the care plan, what body system should be the focus of care?
1. Skeletal 2. Urinary 3. Respiratory
4. Integumentary

A
63
Q

The nurse takes vitals signs for a client scheduled for open-hearted surgery in the next few minutes and notes that the client’s pulse, respiration, and blood pressure are slightly elevated. The nurse explains to the client that the elevations are normal response to stress and anxiety and are because of the release of what hormone? 1. Insulin 2. Epinephrine 3. Thyroxine 4. Aldosterone

A
64
Q

The nurse gently palpates the neck of a client diagnosis with a thyroid disorder. The client asks why the nurse’s touch is so gentle. What response by the nurse is most appropriate? 1. “Forceful palpitations can result in excessive release of thyroid hormone from gland” 2. “This type of palpitation is the way my instructor in nursing school taught me to do it” 3. Gentle palpation prevents closing off the trachea, which would cause you to gasp for air” 4. “Forceful palpation causes pain in an area that is already enlarged and tender to touch”

A
65
Q

When assessing a client with a suspected thyroid disorder prior to a nuclear scan, what type of allergy is most important for the nurse to report? 1. Peanuts 2. Shellfish 3. Eggs 4. Wheat

A

Med-Surg 1 (1 decks)

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