Endocrine system Flashcards
A component of a feedback system that processes sensory information and coordinates an appropriate response to maintain homeostasis, regulating physiological variables within a narrow range.
Integrating center
(1) The hypothalamus produces and secretes regulatory hormones that control the secretion of hormones from the endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary gland. Hormones released by the anterior pituitary, stimulate their target endocrine organs to produce and release hormones
(2) The hypothalamus produces ADH and oxytocin which are transported to the posterior pituitary to be stored and released into the blood following appropriate stimuli.
(3) The hypothalamus contains “autonomic centers” that exert neural control over endocrine cells of the medullae of the adrenal glands. When activated, the adrenal medullae release hormones into the bloodstream.
Two hormones secreted by thyroid
thyroxine and calcitonin
What do calcitonin and parathyroid hormone do?
Calcitonin decreases and parathyroid hormone increases the concentration of Ca ions in the blood
Aldosterone is what type? (mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, gonadocorticoids)
Mineralocorticoids
Cortisol and corticosterone are what type? (mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, gonadocorticoids)
Glucocorticoids
estradiol and weak androgens (androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone) are what type? (mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, gonadocorticoids)
Gonadocorticoids
adrenal medullae produces which hormones (2)
epinephrine and norepinephrine
The … produce testosterone and inhibin while the … produce estrogens, inhibin and progesterone
Testes and ovaries
What does the pineal gland produce directly?
melatonin
How is angiotensin II produced?
The liver produces the prohormone angiotensinogen which is converted by renin and another one to the hormone angiotensin II
What produces natriuretic hormone (ANP) and what does it do?
Produced by the atria of the heart and it blocks the secretion of renin.
