Endocrine System

Question 1

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Source and Function

Answer 1

S: Pituitary gland (anterior part)
F: Stimulates secretion of corticosteroids by the cortex of the adrenal gland

Question 2

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Source and Function

Answer 2

S: Pituitary gland (posterior part)
F: Stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water, preventing dehydration

Question 3

Calcitonin
Source and Function

Answer 3

S:Thyroid gland
F: Targets the bones, kidneys, and intestines to reduce the level of calcium in the blood

Question 4

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Source and Function

Answer 4

S: Medulla of the adrenal gland
F: Stimulates the heart and other muscles during the fight-or-flight response; increases the amount of glucose in the blood

Question 5

Estrogen
Source and Function

Answer 5

S: Ovaries
F: Stimulates the maturation and release of ova; targets muscles, bones, and skin to develop female secondary sex characteristics

Question 6

Glucagon
Source and Function

Answer 6

S: Pancreas
F: Causes liver, muscles, and adipose tissue to release glucose into the bloodstream

Question 7

Glucocorticoids
Source and Function

Answer 7

S: Cortex of the adrenal glands
F: Stimulate the formation of glucose from fats and proteins

Question 8

Gonadocorticoids
Source and Function

Answer 8

S: cortex of the adrenal glands
F: Stimulate the libido

Question 9

Growth Hormone
Source and Function

Answer 9

S: Pituitary gland (anterior part)
F: Targets the bones and soft tissues to promote cell division, synthesis of proteins, and growth of bone tissue

Question 10

Insulin
Source and Function

Answer 10

S: pancreas
F: causes liver, muscles, and adipose tissue to store glucose as a way of lowering blood glucose levels

Question 11

Melatonin
Source and Function

Answer 11

S: pineal gland
F: targets a variety of tissues to mediate control of biorhythms, the body’s daily routine

Question 12

Mineralcorticoids
Source and Function

Answer 12

S: cortex of the adrenal glands
F: Targets the kidney cells to reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium to keep electrolytes (ions) within normal level

Question 13

oxytocin
Source and Function

Answer 13

S: Pituitary gland (posterior part)
F: stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and mammary glands to release milk. In males, it has been demonstrated to cause contraction of the spermatic ducts during ejaculation

Question 14

parathyroid hormone
Source and Function

Answer 14

S: parathyroid glands
F: stimulates the cells in bones, kidneys, and intestines to release calcium so that blood calcium level increases

Question 15

Progesterone
Source and Function

Answer 15

S: ovaries
F: prepares the uterus for implantation of an embryo and maintains the pregnancy

Question 16

prolactin
Source and Function

Answer 16

S: pituitary gland (anterior part)
F: targets the mammary gland to stimulate production of milk

Question 17

testosterone
Source and Function

Answer 17

S: testes
F: stimulates the production of sperm in testes; in skin, muscles, and bones, causes development of male sex characteristics

Question 18

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Source and Function

Answer 18

S: pituitary gland (anterior part)
F: stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release its important hormones, calcitonin and thyroxin

Question 19

thyroxin
Source and Function

Answer 19

S: thyroid gland
F: distributed to all tissues to increase metabolic rate; involved in regulation of development and growth