Endocrine System

Question 1

what do endocrine organs secrete

Answer 1

hormones

Question 2

the brain is part of the endocrine system and contains what other endocrine organs?

Answer 2

pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland

Question 3

the thoracic cavity contains what endocrine organs?

Answer 3

thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, heart

Question 4

what abdominal organs are endocrine organs?

Answer 4

kidneys, pancreas, adrenal glands

Question 5

what reproductive organs are endocrine organs?

Answer 5

ovaries, testes

Question 6

the hypothalamus and pituitary gland are connected by what?

Answer 6

infundibulum

Question 7

GnRH

Answer 7

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone

Question 8

CRH

Answer 8

Corticotropin releasing hormone

Question 9

TRH

Answer 9

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

Question 10

PRF

Answer 10

prolactin releasing factor/hormone

Question 11

GHRH

Answer 11

growth hormone releasing hormone

Question 12

GnRH turns into what in APG

Answer 12

FSH, LH

Question 13

CRH turns into what in the APG

Answer 13

ACTH

Question 14

TRH turns into what in the APG

Answer 14

TSH

Question 15

PRF turns into what in the APG

Answer 15

PRL

Question 16

GHRH turns into what in the APG

Answer 16

GH

Question 17

MRF turns into what in the APG

Answer 17

MSH

Question 18

FSH targets what to do what

Answer 18

ovaries - egg maturation
testes - sperm maturation

Question 19

LH targets what to do what

Answer 19

ovaries - ovulation
testes - testostrone

Question 20

ACTH targets what to do what

Answer 20

Adrenal Cortex - produce cortisol which is the stress response

Question 21

TSH targets what to do what

Answer 21

Thyroid gland - produce thyroid hormone

Question 22

PRL targets what to do what

Answer 22

Breast - produce milk

Question 23

GH targets what to do what

Answer 23

bones and muscles - to stimulate growth

Question 24

MSH targets what to do what

Answer 24

melanocytes - produce melanin

Question 25

ACTH stimulates a slightly different response in each or the three regions of the adrenal cortex. what are the three regions

Answer 25

zona glomerulosa zona fasciculata zona reticularis

Question 26

this region of the adrenal cortex produces mineral corticoids such as aldosterone

Answer 26

zona glomerulosa

Question 27

this region of the adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids such as cortisol

Answer 27

zona fasciculata

Question 28

this region of the adrenal cortex produces the sex hormones

Answer 28

zona reticularis

Question 29

Cushing's disease (buffalo hump) stems from what

Answer 29

elevated cortisol levels

Question 30

what are the two forms of thyroid hormone

Answer 30

T3 (active form) T4

Question 31

what do the T3 and T4 hormones do

Answer 31

establish metabolic rate

Question 32

what produces thyroid hormone in the thyroid gland

Answer 32

follicular cells

Question 33

what does the production of thyroid hormone require

Answer 33

iodine

Question 34

Goiter stems from

Answer 34

not enough iodine within the thyroid

Question 35

what is the path of milk production

Answer 35

mammary lobule, lactiferous ducts, lactiferous sinuses

Question 36

what two hormones pass from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary gland

Answer 36

ADH and OXYTOCIN

Question 37

ADH

Answer 37

antidiuretic hormone

Question 38

what does ADH do

Answer 38

conservation of water

Question 39

what does Oxytocin do

Answer 39

stimulates uterine contractions, and causes milk release

Question 40

what is the clinical connection to ADH

Answer 40

diabetes insipidus

Question 41

what is the clinical connection to oxytocin

Answer 41

pitocin - drug form of oxytocin

Question 42

this secretes norepinephrine and epinephrine within the adrenal gland

Answer 42

adrenal medulla

Question 43

what is epinephrine and norepinephrine responsible for

Answer 43

fight or flight

Question 44

what causes stimulation of the adrenal medulla

Answer 44

sympathetic nerve stimulation

Question 45

this is the endocrine portions of the pancreas

Answer 45

islets of langerhans

Question 46

what makes up the islets of langerhans

Answer 46

Alpha cells - secrete glucagon beta cells - secrete insulin

Question 47

glycogen -> glucose to raise blood sugar

Answer 47

glucagon

Question 48

promote uptake of glucose to lower blood sugar

Answer 48

insulin

Question 49

these work together to regulate Ca++ levels

Answer 49

parafollicular cells, parathyroid gland

Question 50

when blood calcium is too high, parafollicular cells release what

Answer 50

calcitonin (CT)

Question 51

when blood calcium is too low, parafollicular gland releases what

Answer 51

parathyroid hormone

Question 52

the auricles release what when the atria are over-stretched

Answer 52

ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)

Question 53

what is produced when the right ventricle is overstretched

Answer 53

BNP (brain natriuretic peptide)

Question 54

what does the pineal gland produce to regulate circadian rhythm

Answer 54

melatonin

Question 55

thymus produces

Answer 55

thymosins

Question 56

kidneys produce what two things

Answer 56

erythropoietin - stimulates production of RBC'S RENIN

Question 57

intestines produce what two things

Answer 57

gastrin CCK (cholecystokinin)

Question 58

adipose produces ____ which is opposed by _____

Answer 58

leptin, ghrelin