Endocrine system

Question 1

what is the exocrine gland for

Answer 1

secretes their products into ducts, sweat

Question 2

what is endocrine system for

Answer 2

ductless and releases hormones into blood

Question 3

what are hormones

Answer 3

chemical messengers carried by blood

Question 4

functions of hormones

Answer 4

regulate a variety of functions, control growth and development, establish circadian rhythm

Question 5

what is the effects of endocrine system

Answer 5

slow acting and long lasting

Question 6

what is the effect of the nervous system

Answer 6

instantaneous and short lived

Question 7

3 major structural characteristics of hormones

Answer 7

amines, steroids, peptides and protein

Question 8

how do peptide and catecholamine hormones circulate

Answer 8

they are water soluble so in plasma

Question 9

how do steroid and thyroid hormones circulate

Answer 9

by binding to plasma protein

Question 10

what are the 2 major organs which remove hormones

Answer 10

liver and kidneys

Question 11

rate of removal from blood

Answer 11

peptide and catecholamines are rapidly removed
steroid and thyroid are removes slower

Question 12

where are lipid soluble receptors

Answer 12

inside the target cells

Question 13

where are water soluble receptors

Answer 13

are on the plasma membrane

Question 14

what are the 3 types of effects hormone interactions can have

Answer 14

permissive, synergistic, antagonistic

Question 15

what is permissive hormonal interaction

Answer 15

one hormone enhances the interactiveness of another

Question 16

what is synergistic hormonal interaction

Answer 16

effect of 2 hormones together is greater than one acting on own

Question 17

what is antagonistic hormonal interaction

Answer 17

one hormone opposes the actions of another hormone

Question 18

what is hypersecretion

Answer 18

too much hormones

Question 19

what is hyposecretion

Answer 19

too little hormones

Question 20

what is hyporesponsiveness

Answer 20

decrease responsiveness of target cells to hormones

Question 21

what is hyperresponsiveness

Answer 21

increase responsiveness of target cells to hormones

Question 22

how do the hypothalamus gland connect ot the posterior pituitary

Answer 22

via infundibulum by paraventricular nuclei

Question 23

how does the hypothalamus connect to the anterior pituitary

Answer 23

through the hypothalamo-hypophyses

Question 24

what does the anterior pituitary gland do

Answer 24

secrete hormones such as FSH, GH, TSH, LH, ACTH

Question 25

what does negative feedback inhibit

Answer 25

the normal response

Question 26

what does the posterior pituitary gland do

Answer 26

store and release hormones

Question 27

what are some effects of thyroid hormones

Answer 27

wide spread effects such as cell division, protein synthesis...

Question 28

where is the thyroid gland

Answer 28

in front of the trachea

Question 29

what is considered the major thyroid hormone

Answer 29

T3

Question 30

what is increased T3 and T4 levels associated with

Answer 30

increased oxiditve substrate metabolism and mitchondiral enzyme activity

Question 31

what is the scientific name for the stress hormone

Answer 31

cortisol

Question 32

what is T3 requried for

Answer 32

production of GH

Question 33

what is stress response representitive of

Answer 33

the endocrine and nervous system working synchronously

Question 34

what are physiological functions of cortisol in stressful situations

Answer 34

enhanced vascular reactivity, protection against stress, stimulation of liver uptake of amino acids

Question 35

what are physiological functions of cortisol in non stressful situations

Answer 35

anti-flammatory and anti-immune functions, maintain enzyme conc, affects smooth muscle responsiveness

Question 36

how does cortisol aid recovery

Answer 36

inc cortisol = inhibit inflammatory system, decrease capillary permeability in injured areas

Question 37

what is function of testosterone

Answer 37

promotes muscle growth and male sex characteristic development

Question 38

what is function of oestrogen

Answer 38

regulate menstural cycle, promote development of female sex characteristics

Question 39

function of DEHD

Answer 39

affect various body systems, supposed to be anti aging

Question 40

how does hormone replacement therapy work in men

Answer 40

preserves muscle tissue and offset age related muscle loss

Question 41

how does hormone replacement therapy work in women

Answer 41

improves muscle function and maintains muscle mass