Endocrine System Flashcards
(46 cards)
What is chemical coordination described as?
Chemical coordination is described as a slow, prolonged process of communicating information through the body.
What is responsible for chemical coordination?
The endocrine system is responsible for chemical coordination.
What releases hormones?
The endocrine glands release hormones.
The endocrine glands work with the ___
___
The endocrine system works with the nervous system.
Define a hormone.
A hormone is an organic chemical substance which is used to carry information from one part of the body to another to regulate metabolic function.
What secrets hormones and where are they released into?
Endocrine glands secretes hormones which are released into bodily fluids like blood.
Where are hormones are secreted to?
Hormones are secreted and sent to the targeted cells.
What responds to hormones?
Target cells that express a specific receptor for that hormone - respond to that hormone.
Chemically, what what are the two different types of hormones?
- Some are proteins -> insulin, thyroxine
- some are fats -> steroids - testosterone
Properties of Hormones (5)
- either a protein or fat
- powerful in small concentrations
- very short life
- can stimulate target cells to release another hormone.
- do not operate in isolation but in conjunction with other hormones and the CNS.
What is the CNS?
Central Nervous system
What is an endocrine gland and how many different types are there?
- A vascular (rich in blood vessels) ductless gland that secretes hormones.
- are 9 different endocrine glands.
What is the difference between an endocrine and exocrine gland?
- Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the blood - bypassing the ducts.
- exocrine gland secrete chemical substances through ducts onto your body surface (outside the body)
Define homeostasis:
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment despite changes in the external environment of the organisation.
For cells, and therefor the body to function properly, what needs to stay stable?
- for cells to function properly, the internal environment needs to stay stable in terms of temperature, water concentration, electrolytes, CO2 and oxygen, glucose and other solutes and PH
How is homeostasis maintained?
Any non-ideal changes that occur, need to be detected and then changes need to be made to return body to the ideal.
Define negative feedback:
- A major mechanism that allows for the detection and correction during that occurs during homeostasis.
- therefore negative feedback is the mechanism by which animals maintain a constant state.
When does negative feedback occur and what does it do?
- A negative feedback occurs if the system is disturbed.
- it’s sets off a sequence of events which counteract the disturbance and tends to restore the system to its original state.
Lust the 9 different endocrine glands:
- pineal glands
- hypothalamus
- pituitary gland
- thyroid gland
- thymus
- pancreas
- adrenal glands
- kidneys
- gonads
What are the two different parts of the pituitary gland?
- Anterior lobe - release hormones through blood
- posterior lobe - releases hormones through nerves
What hormones does the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland release?
- growth hormone
- luteinizing Hormone (LH)
- prolactin
- thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
- Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)
What does LH (luteinizing hormone) do?
- in males
- in females.
- in males - it stimulates the cells of leydig to produce testosterone.
- in females - stimulates ovulation.
What do growth hormones do?
Growth hormones (STH) -
- promotes growth by stimulating protein synthesis.
- promoted skeletal and muscular growth.
What does THS (thyroid-stimulating hormone) do?
- stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroxin.
