Endocrine System

Question 1

In increasing order, what is the size of these molecules classifications for hormones?
Proteins
Amino Acids
Polypeptides

Answer 1

Amino Acids, Polypeptides, and Proteins

Question 2

What number of amino acids classifies a protein?

Answer 2

100

Question 3

What are all the possible molecular/structural classifications for a hormone molecule?

Answer 3

• Amines
• Polypeptides / Proteins
• Glycoproteins
• Steroids

Question 4

What organ functions as both an exocrine and endocrine gland?

Answer 4

The pancreas

Question 5

What is the difference between endocrine glands vx exocrine glands?

Answer 5

Endocrine glands do not have ducts.

Question 6

Give 5 examples of tissues/organs considered endocrine glands

Answer 6

• The heart
• Adipose tissue
• The liver
• The adrenal cortex
• The kidneys

Question 7

What type of hormones are lipophilic and what is their mode of action? What are the two categories? Which glands secrete these hormones?

Answer 7

Lipophilic hormones are non polar. They cross through the phospholipid plasma membrane of their target cell directly. The categories are thyroid and steroid hormones. Thyroid hormones are secreted by the thyroid . Steroids are sex steroids secreted by the gonads or corticosteroids secreted by the adrenal cortex.

Question 8

What are the main thyroid hormones?

Answer 8

T4 and T3

Question 9

What atom and which AA make up the main thyroid hormones

Answer 9

Tyrosine and Iodine

Question 10

Name the steroid hormones (sex steroid and corticosteroids) and from which glands they secrete from.

Answer 10

Sex steroids are secreted from the gonads and these include testosterone, estradiol and progesterone. Corticosteroids are secreted from the adrenal cortex and include cortisol and aldosterone.

Question 11

What polarity of hormone medications can be taken orally? What medication is the exception and from which endocrine gland does this hormone secrete from?

Answer 11

Overall, nonpolar / lipophilic hormones can be taken orally. Melatonin is an exception and it secretes out of the pineal gland.

Question 12

Where do hormones travel?

Answer 12

In the blood

Question 13

What is the function (generally) of hormones

Answer 13

Regulation of target organs. Metabolism regulation.

Question 14

Is the concentration of a hormone significant?

Answer 14

Yes!

Question 15

Why are neurohormones called that?

Answer 15

Because they secrete directly into the blood rather than into the synaptic cleft.

Question 16

Give one example of a neurohormone. What is its polarity, secreting gland and bonus points for classification of the molecule

Answer 16

Norepinephrine.
Polar. Adrenal medulla. Catecholamine.