Endocrine System

Question 1

What is an endocrine gland?

Answer 1

Ductless glands that produce hormones

Question 2

What are hormones?

Answer 2

Chemical messengers produced in ductless glands, carried in the blood, for use in another part of the body

Question 3

What is an exocrine gland?

Answer 3

Exocrine glands have ducts leaving them which carry their products

Question 4

What type of message is sent in the nervous system?

Answer 4

Electrochemical message

Question 5

What type of message is sent in the endocrine system?

Answer 5

Chemical message

Question 6

Where are nervous system messages carried?

Answer 6

Carried in nerve cells

Question 7

Where are endocrine system messages carried?

Answer 7

Carried in the blood

Question 8

At what pace does the nervous system act?

Answer 8

Fast-acting
(Travel in the nerves as electrical messages)

Question 9

At what pace does the endocrine system act?

Answer 9

Slow-acting
(Chemicals travelling in the blood)

Question 10

How long do nervous system effects last?

Answer 10

Short-term effect

Question 11

How long do endocrine system effects last?

Answer 11

Long-term effect

Question 12

Where is the hypothalamus located?

Answer 12

In the brain above the pituitary gland

Question 13

What hormone does the hypothalamus produce?

Answer 13

ADH

Question 14

What is the function of ADH?

Answer 14

Osmoregulation

Question 15

Where is the pineal gland located?

Answer 15

In the brain

Question 16

What hormone does the pineal gland produce?

Answer 16

Melatonin

Question 17

What is the function of melatonin?

Answer 17

Controls sleep rhythms

Question 18

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 18

Just under the brain

Question 19

What hormone does the pituitary gland produce?

Answer 19

Growth hormone

Question 20

What is the function of growth hormone?

Answer 20

Stimulate growth

Question 21

What are the parathyroid glands located?

Answer 21

Behind the thyroid gland

Question 22

What hormone do the parathyroid glands produce?

Answer 22

Parathyroid hormone

Question 23

What is the function of parathyroid hormone?

Answer 23

Controls the release of calcium from bone into the bloodstream

Question 24

Where is the thyroid gland located?

Answer 24

In the neck

Question 25

What hormone does the thyroid gland produce?

Answer 25

Thyroxine

Question 26

What is the function of thyroxine?

Answer 26

Controls metabolic rate

Question 27

What is the thyroid gland made of?

Answer 27

Made of tyrosine (amino-acids/ protein) and iodine, controls metabolism etc.

Question 28

What are the effects of an underactive thyroid?

Answer 28

Cretinism in children Goitre in adults

Question 29

What are some corrective measures for an underactive thyroid?

Answer 29

Heel test for babies Thyroxine tablets

Question 30

Where is the thymus located?

Answer 30

Under the breastbone

Question 31

What hormone does the thymus produce?

Answer 31

Thymosine

Question 32

What is the function of thymosine?

Answer 32

Development of lymphocytes

Question 33

Where are the adrenal glands located?

Answer 33

Above the kidney

Question 34

What hormone do the adrenal glands produce?

Answer 34

Adrenaline

Question 35

What is the function of adrenaline?

Answer 35

'Fight or flight' response increases the heart rate and cell metabolism

Question 36

Where is the pancreas located?

Answer 36

Under the stomach

Question 37

Which area of the pancreas carries out its endocrine function?

Answer 37

Islets of Langerhans

Question 38

What hormone is produced by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas?

Answer 38

Insulin

Question 39

What is the function of insulin?

Answer 39

Controls sugar level in blood

Question 40

What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 40

Releases digestive enzymes locally into the duodenum

Question 41

What is the function of insulin as a hormone supplement?

Answer 41

Used to replace missing natural insulin to regulate sugar levels

Question 42

What is the function of human growth hormone as a hormone supplement?

Answer 42

Used to replace growth hormones missing in pituitary dwarfs

Question 43

What is feedback in regards to the endocrine system?

Answer 43

Feedback occurs when the level of hormone in the blood controls the production of another hormone or the production of itself

Question 44

What is negative feedback in regards to the endocrine system?

Answer 44

Negative feedback occurs when the increasing level of a hormone in the blood stops the production of itself.

Question 45

Give an example of a negative feedback loop

Answer 45

Graffian follice (makes oestrogen) - Inhibits pituitary making FSH