Endocrine System 2 Flashcards
(25 cards)
If the body is low on calcium, what hormone is secreted?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
What are the effects of PTH?
Bone resorption occurs and calcium is dumped into the blood.
Excretion of calcium in the kidney is decreased as well
Calcium in the gut will increase as well (although this is due more to the action of vitamin D)
T/F vitamin D acts as a feedback mechanism for decreased PTH release?
True
There are two PTH receptors. What are they and where do they act?
PTHR1- bones and kidney
PTHR2- CNS pancreas, te…. I just read ahead and we don’t need to know PTHR2
Activation of PTHR1 on osteoblasts induces the expression of what? What does it do?
RANKL
It leads to binding and activation of osteoclasts and bone resorption
There’s a good chunk of this lecture that I’m not going to go over because we just barely did it in physio. If you want details, see the lecture.
Great.
What is the active form of Vitamin D called?
Calcitriol
What are the effects of calcitriol?
Increases:
calcium absorption in the gut
bone resorption
osteoclast development
Decreases:
kidney excretion of calcium
PTH secretion
T/F vitamin D produces changes in gene expression.
True
What does calcitonin do and where does it come from?
Secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid in response to high serum calcium, it counteracts the effects of PTH
Calcitonin increases bone formation, decreases kidney reabsorption of calcium and decreases absorption of calcium in the gut.
Thats a great clarifying flash card.
Is this true, or is it false?
Abnormalities due to PTH issues can be an indication of kidney malfunction.
I declare it truth!
There are a whole boatload of dental abnormalities associated with hypo/hyperparathyroidism.
See slide 15
Let’s say that you have osteoporosis. What drug may you take. What do bisphosphonates do?
They inhibit bone resorption and osteoclast activity
Restore bone density
____ is the principal androgen.
Testosterone
95% of testosterone comes from where? Testosterone synthesis and release is stimulated by what?
The leydig cells of the testis
LH
What does testosterone do?
facial hair, collagen production produces sperm sex drive strength and muscle mass produces red blood cells maintains bone density
____ is the major secretory product of the ovary.
Estradiol
What are two thing that are made in the liver from estradiol?
Estrone
Estriol
There are a bunch of effects of estrogen.
See slide 23 for details
Natural estrogens are those from which synthetic estrogens are derived.
Great
So there I was, having just taken the physio test and I don’t care a whole lot about this pharm lecture.
Most of it is review anyways. I apologize for these weak sauce cards.
Clinical uses of estrogens include what?
Primary hypogonadism- women need estrogen in order to develop secondary sex characteristics
Postmenopausal hormonal therapy- to prevent hot flashes and osteoporosis
If great cancer cells have the estrogen receptor, it is very likely that what is happening?
That estrogen is what is driving cell proliferation. So use a drug that antagonizes the effect of estrogen’s in breast cancer cells and block proliferation
