Endocrine System

Question 1

What does growth hormone (GH) do? How does it have an effect?

Answer 1

Stimulates bone and muscle growth through IGF’s. Has Anti-insulin effects-this means GH will increase blood glucose levels

Question 2

What hormones are released from the hypothalamus?

Answer 2

GH,TSH,ACTH,FSH,LH&ICSH, and PRL

Question 3

How does PTH increase blood calcium levels?

Answer 3

Breaks down bone, increase Ca+ absorption in small intestine, increase Ca+ reabsorption at kidneys

Question 4

What is synergism?

Answer 4

2 hormones having the same effect

Question 5

What is Antagonism?

Answer 5

2 hormones having the opposite effect

Question 6

What is Permissiveness?

Answer 6

1 hormone is needed for another hormone to have an effect

Question 7

Name the tropic hormones

Answer 7

TSH ACTH FSH LH

Question 8

Hormones are systemic. T or F

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

Amino acids have to be bound to protein and are fat soluable. T or F

Answer 9

False. Amino acids are water soluable and can be transported freely in blood

Question 10

What does alpha & beta mean in the endorcrine system?

Answer 10

Alpha-glucagon

Beta-insulin

Question 11

The posterior pituitary regulates which 2 hormones?

Answer 11

Oxytocin & Anti-diuretic hormone(ADH)

Question 12

Prolactin secretes the mothers milk. T or F

Answer 12

False. PROlactin PROduces the milk. Oxytocin secretes the milk

Question 13

What is the function of the ADH?

Answer 13

reabsorp water from kidneys-this prevents dehydration

Question 14

What is a tropic hormone?

Answer 14

A hormone that acts on other endocrine glands

Question 15

What are amino acid based hormones?

Answer 15

act indirectly through second messengers, have receptors on the cell membrane, transported freely in blood

Question 16

What are steroid hormones?

Answer 16

Hormones that directly activate the genes or DNA, have intracellular receptors, have to be bound to a protein to be transported in the blood

Question 17

Thyroid hormone acts like a steroid. T or F

Answer 17

True. Thyroid hormone stimulates production of T3 & T4

Question 18

What is the hypophyseal portal system?

Answer 18

a set of vessels (arteries and capillaries) that carry blood and regulatory hormones from the hypothalamus to the adenohypophysis, where the target cells of the releasing hormones are located

Question 19

What is the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract?

Answer 19

a tract of unmyelinated nerves connecting the hypothalamus and the hypophysis

Question 20

How are hormones removed from the body?

Answer 20

enzymes, liver enzymes, excreted in the urine

Question 21

Humoral stimulation

Answer 21

Hormones released in response to ions (Na+,Ca+,K+) or nutrients(glucose)

Question 22

Neural stimulation

Answer 22

Hormones released in response to nervous stimulation(sympathetic stimulating the adrenal medulla to release norepinephrine)

Question 23

Hormonal stimulation

Answer 23

one hormone stimulates the release of another hormone (TSH from the anterior pit stimulates the rlease of T3 T4 from thyroid

Question 24

The nervous system can override the endocrine system. T or F.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What are the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) hormones and how are they regulated?

Answer 25

GH,TSH,ACTH,FSH,LH & ICSH(males), PRL and all regulated by the hypothalamus

Question 26

When do you get insulin/glucagon release?

Answer 26

Insulin-produced by BETA cells when blood glucose is high in islets of Langerhans Glucagon- produced by ALPHA cells when blood glucose is low in Islets of Langerhans

Question 27

Calcitonin/PTH

Answer 27

Calcitonin is produced by Parafollicular cells when blood ca+ is too HIGH. PTH increase Ca+ by breaking down bone, increase Ca+ absorption small intestine, and reabsorption in kidneys

Question 28

UP/DOWN regulation

Answer 28

UP regulation is Positive feedback-high levels of hormones stimulate PRODUCTION of more receptors DOWN regulation is Negative feedback-high levels of hormones cause a REDUCTION of receptors

Question 29

Define hormone

Answer 29

a chemical substance secreted by cells in extracellular fluids into bloodstream

Question 30

What does Aldosterone do?

Answer 30

Produced in Zone Glomerulosa. Increase sodium levels by reabsorbing at the kidneys

Question 31

What kind of hormone is aldosterone and cortisol?

Answer 31

Corticosteroids

Question 32

Which hormones are steroid based?

Answer 32

gonadal, adrenocortical

Question 33

Corticosteroids are produced in the zones of the adrenal cortex. T or F

Answer 33

TRUE

Question 34

ADH and OXYTOCIN

Answer 34

ADH(antidiuretic hormone) reabsorb water from kidneys, Oxytocin-causes uterine contractions and milk let down

Question 35

What type of tissue is anterior/posterior pituitary?

Answer 35

Anterior-gladular | Posterior- neural