Endocrine System

Question 0

Endocrine system controls…

Answer 0

Reproduction, growth and development, mobilization of the body defenses, maintenance of electrolytes, water, nutrient balance in the blood

Question 1

What does the nervous systems work by?

Answer 1

Electrical impulse

Question 2

Produce non hormonal substances like sweat and saliva, and have ducts

Answer 2

Exocrine glands

Question 3

Ductless glands; produce hormones and lack ducts; release hormones into surrounding tissue fluid

Answer 3

Endocrine glands

Question 4

Hypothalamus; has neural functions but also produces and releases hormones

Answer 4

Neuro endocrine organ

Question 5

Examples of endocrine organs

Answer 5

Small intestine, stomach, kidneys, heart

Question 6

chemical messengers released into the blood to influence metabolic activity throughout the body

Answer 6

hormone

Question 7

mechanism for hormonal action steps

Answer 7

1. alters plasma membrane permeability or membrane potential, or both, by opening/closing ion channels
2. stimulates protein synthesis or regulatory molecules like enzymes within the cell
3. activates or deactivates enzymes
4. induces secretory activity
5. stimulates mitosis

Question 8

hormones (all amino acid hormones except thyroid) act on receptors directly activating genes

Answer 8

water soluble hormone

Question 9

hormones (steroid, thyroid) signal through intracellular receptors directly activating genes

Answer 9

lipid soluble hormones

Question 10

why does a target cell respond to a hormone?

Answer 10

because the cell has a specific protein receptor on its plasma membrane for the hormone to bind to

Question 11

hormones are secreted by endocrine glands in response to changing blood levels of certain critical ions and nutrients

Answer 11

humoral stimuli

Question 12

bodily fluids, calcium ions, in blood (parathyroid), parathyroid hormone (pth)

Answer 12

humor

Question 13

what does the parathyroid bland monitor?

Answer 13

levels of calcium in the bood, when levels are low, they release PTH

Question 14

nerve fibers stimulate hormone release

ex. CNS stimulates adrenal medulla to release epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 14

Neural stimuli

Question 15

endocrine glands release their hormones in response to hormones produced by other endocrine glands

Answer 15

hormonal simuli

Question 16

infundibulum

Answer 16

funnel shaped stalk that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

Question 17

adenohypophyseal hormones (another name for this)

Answer 17

(anterior lobe of pituitary)

Question 18

tropic hormones

Answer 18

regulate secretory action of other endocrine glands

Question 19

thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 19

tropic hormone that stimulates normal development and secretory activity of thyroid gland, triggered by hypothalamic peptide

Question 20

adrenocorticotropioc hormone (ACTH)

Answer 20

stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteriod hormones

Question 21

follicle stimulating hormone and lutenizing hormone

Answer 21

targets gonads, females: LH works with fsh to cause maturation of an egg containing ovarian follicle. LH triggers ovulation and promotes synthesis of and release of ovarian hormones. males: stimulates testes to produce testosterone.

Question 22

growth hormone

Answer 22

stimulates most body cells to increase in size and divide . Target:bones and muscules

Question 23

prolactin(PRL)

Answer 23

stimulates milk production by the breasts;rises and falls with estrogen levels in the bloodstream

Question 24

antidiuretic hormone

Answer 24

ininibts or prevents urine formation helping the body avoid dehydration and water overload

Question 25

pineal gland

Answer 25

melatonin: makes us drowsy

Question 26

hyperprolactinemia

Answer 26

inappropriate lactation

Question 27

thyroid

Answer 27

stores its hormones extracellulary

Question 28

cuboidal or squamous epithelial cells produce thyrogloin

Answer 28

internal follicles

Question 29

thyroid hormones

Answer 29

thyroxin (t4): regulates metabolism triiodothyronine (t3)= known to enters target cell and bind to intracellular receptors within the cells nucleus initiating transcription of mrna calcitonin: regulates calcium levels, direct antagonist to the parathyroid hormone

Question 30

parathyroid

Answer 30

parathyroid hormone= controls the calcium level of the blood, targets the skeleton

Question 31

adrenal medulla

Answer 31

secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 32

alpha cells make

Answer 32

glucagon

Question 33

beta cells make

Answer 33

insulin