Endocrine system

Question 1

hormones

Answer 1

chemical messengers secreted by glands. effects directed toward target organ

Question 2

exocrine glands

Answer 2

has ducts that releases the secretion directly onto body surface

Question 3

endocrine

Answer 3

ductless that secrete directly into bloodstream

Question 4

endocrine secretion control

Answer 4

in response to nervous system (nervous stimulation) or to hormones produced by pituitary gland (master gland)

Question 5

major endocrine glands

Answer 5

pineal, pituitary (hypophysis), thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes

Question 6

pituitary gland

Answer 6

attached by stalk at base of brain

Question 7

pineal gland

Answer 7

posterior part of brain (related to circadian rhythms and female ovaries)

Question 8

thyroid

Answer 8

front of neck, bilateral lobes connected by strip of thyroid tissue
secrete hormones like thyroxine that contain iodine and increase cell metabolism

Question 9

pancreas

Answer 9

elongated structure that has digestive (digestive juices) and endocrine functions (insulin) . Islets of Langerhans are endocrine cells

Question 10

adrenal glands

Answer 10

lie above kidneys

Question 11

ovaries and testicles

Answer 11

produce ova and sperm

Question 12

parathyroid

Answer 12

located near thyroid and are embedded in the posterior surface of thyroid

Question 13

aden/o

Answer 13

gland

e.g. adenoma

Question 14

adren/o, adrenal/o

Answer 14

adrenal glands

e.g. adrenogram

Question 15

andr/o

Answer 15

male or masculine

e.g. androgenic (producing male characteristics)

Question 16

gigant/o

Answer 16

giant

e.g. gigantism (abnormal stature as a result of hypersecretion of growth hormones)

Question 17

gonad/o

Answer 17

gonad

e.g. hypogonadism (increased gonadal function

Question 18

insulin/o

Answer 18

insulin (allows glucose to leave bloodstream and enter c ells”)
e.g. hyperinsulinism

Question 19

hyperinsulinism

Answer 19

excessive secretion of insulin by pancreas causing hypoglycemia
excess insulin removes too much glucose. Causes weakness ,headache, confusion, convulsion, coma, death

Question 20

iod/o

Answer 20

iodine

e.g. idiotherapy

Question 21

myx/o

Answer 21

mucous

e.g. myxedema

Question 22

myxedema

Answer 22

hypofunciton of thyroid gland causing dry, waxy swelling of skin

Question 23

adrenaline (epinephrine)

Answer 23

secreted by adrenals

stimulates fight or flight response, increased BP and cardiac output

Question 24

androgen (e.g. testosterone)

Answer 24

secreted by testicles

development and maintenance of male characteristics

Question 25

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 25

secreted by pituitary | suppression of urine formation

Question 26

cortisone

Answer 26

secreted by adrenals | regulate metabolism

Question 27

estrogens (estradiol, estrone)

Answer 27

secreted by ovaries | prepare female genitalia to produce suitable area for implantation and embryo fertilization

Question 28

growth hormone

Answer 28

secreted by pituitary | stimulates body growth and maintains size

Question 29

insulin

Answer 29

secreted by pancreas | regulation of blood glucose by coordinating with other hormones

Question 30

thyroxine (containing iodine)

Answer 30

secreted by thyroid | cell metabolism

Question 31

pancreat/o

Answer 31

pancreas

Question 32

ren/o

Answer 32

kidney | e.g. adrenal

Question 33

thyr/o, thyroid/o

Answer 33

thyroid gland | e.g. hypothyroidism

Question 34

toxic/o

Answer 34

poison | e.g. thyrotoxicosis (morbid condition caused by excessive thyroid secretion. euthyroid = normal thyroid function)

Question 35

-gen

Answer 35

beginning, origin | e.g. androgen

Question 36

-physis

Answer 36

growth | e.g. hypophysis (another name for pituitary)

Question 37

-tropic

Answer 37

stimulate | e.g. gonadotropic

Question 38

-tropin

Answer 38

that which stimulates

Question 39

-uria

Answer 39

urine, urination | e.g. polyuria

Question 40

goiter

Answer 40

thyroid enlargement (part of hyperthyroidism)

Question 41

exophthalmos

Answer 41

protrusion of eyeballs (part of hyperthyroidism)

Question 42

diabetes insipidus

Answer 42

disorder associated with deficiency of ADH (which suppresses urine formation). Leads to polyuria and polydipsia

Question 43

polyuria

Answer 43

frequent urination

Question 44

polydipsia

Answer 44

increased thirst

Question 45

diabetest mellitus, type 1 and 2

Answer 45

insufficient or improper use of insulin leads to polyuria and polydipsia type 1 - requires insulin administration, proper diet and exercise type 2 - controlled by diet, exercise, oral agents and sometimes insulin

Question 46

hyperglycemia

Answer 46

increased glucose blood levels

Question 47

glycosuria

Answer 47

sugar in urine

Question 48

acromegaly

Answer 48

acr/o = extremities disorder with abnormal enlargemetn of skeletal extremities (nose, jaws, etc) caused by hypersecretion of GH after maturity

Question 49

hyposecretion of GH

Answer 49

leads to dwarfism

Question 50

hypersecretion of GH

Answer 50

gigantism

Question 51

hypopituitarism

Answer 51

common cause is pituitary tumor | treatment is surgery or radiation to remove tumour followed by administration of deficient hormones

Question 52

antithyroid drugs

Answer 52

treatment of hyperthyroidism includes antithyroid drugs, destruction of thyroid tissue by surgery or radiation antithyroid drugs block production of thyroid hormones

Question 53

andenectomy

Answer 53

removal of a gland

Question 54

thyroidectomy

Answer 54

removal of thyroid gland

Question 55

glucose-lowering agents

Answer 55

lower blood glucose

Question 56

hypophysectomy

Answer 56

surgical removal of pituitary gland | performed to excise a tumor or to slow the growth and spread of endocrine-dependent malignant tumors. last resort

Question 57

external insulin pump

Answer 57

delivers measured amount of insulin through abdominal wall at present intervals, through catheter or under the skin. continuous glucose monitoring through sensor